Gynecology and Obstetrics Specialist Op. Dr. Ali Kavas explained the methods that increase success in in vitro fertilization.
Since the first in vitro fertilization was born in England in 1978, thousands of couples have experienced the joy of having children thanks to this method, which has started to give much more successful results over the years. Success rates in the in vitro fertilization method, which is defined as the fertilization of eggs taken from the expectant mother with sperm taken from the father in a laboratory environment and placing them in the mother's uterus, depend on many changeable and unchangeable factors. Gynecology and Obstetrics Specialist Op. Dr. Ali Kavas explained the effective methods in in vitro fertilization.
Appropriate ovulation protocol
Selecting drugs suitable for the ovulation reserve of the woman undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment and how long they will be used. Correct determination, that is, making a personalized protocol, affects the success of in vitro fertilization treatment.
Quality sperm selection
Especially in men who do not have sperm cells in their semen. While the chance of finding sperm in classical procedures such as TESE or TESA used to obtain sperm is around 30-40 percent, this rate increases to 60-70 percent in Micro TESE performed under a microscope. In this method, larger sperm ducts are detected under a microscope, these are removed and the sperm is investigated. Thanks to the procedure, the testicle is less damaged compared to normal tissue removal and the patient's risk of pain and bleeding is reduced.
Quality embryo screening
Embryos fertilized in a laboratory environment are kept for three or five days in cabinets called incubators, set at 37 degrees, containing a mixture of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen in certain proportions and appropriately humidified. In previous years, the incubator lid was opened every day according to the number of embryos inside. Thus, the pressure, temperature and air balance inside were affected. In the new system, each incubator has a single eye and is opened once a day. This ensures that the embryos are formed of better quality.
Pregnancy vaccine
In this method, which has been applied for a few months, it is inserted into the uterus about half an hour before the transfer. pregnancy hormone Beta HCG is given and thus the rate of attachment of the embryo to the uterus is increased.
5. day transfer (Blastocyst)
In in vitro fertilization treatment, transfer to the mother's uterus is performed on the third day following embryo formation, while in centers with appropriate laboratory conditions, it can be waited until the fifth day. Thus, embryos kept in special media for two more days become what is defined as blastocysts. Embryos that reach this stage have more ability to attach to the uterus. However, laboratory conditions must be suitable in order to keep the embryo, which should be in the mother's womb, outside for two more days.
Co-culture method
Normal An embryo that develops in very high quality conditions may sometimes not be able to attach to the mother's uterus. In such cases, the intrauterine tissue taken one week before the mother's previous menstrual period is adapted to the external environment and the embryo is developed in it. This process is also called 'artificial mother womb'.
Assist Hatching
There is a shell called zona on the embryo. And when the embryos reach a certain stage, this shell cracks, the embryo comes out and is buried in the mother's womb. In order to make it easier for the embryo to attach to the uterus, the zona is thinned with a special laser before transfer, allowing the embryo to attach more easily.
Embryoscope
New Although each embryo has a single lid in system incubators, the very new embryoscope method ensures that the lid is never opened. A camera called an embryoscope placed inside the incubator monitors the embryo 24 hours a day. Thus, the right embryo selection can be made by seeing the developmental stages, division speed and quality of the embryo.
Metabolomics
In this method, the metabolism of the embryo and the development in which it develops are examined. By analyzing the environment, an idea about its health is obtained. However, due to the limited number of substances identified by this method, research continues.
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