EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT STUDY TECHNIQUES
The Importance of Working in Success: A successful life is a life lived 'harmoniously, happily and satisfactorily'. In the past, a single recipe for success was offered with the same recommendation; Working, working and working again or working hard. However, within the contemporary concept of success, 'working hard' has been replaced by 'working effectively'.
'Working effectively' means using time systematically in line with determined goals and determined priorities. There is always room for rest, fun, spending time with family and loved ones, and hobbies within the 'effective work' program.
In order to be successful, the goal must be clearly defined, the person must believe in it, and annual, Monthly and weekly programs need to be prepared. It should not be forgotten that a successful person is someone who has achieved his goals within a certain period of time.
What is Learning?: Learning is the process of perceiving information, memorizing it, bringing it back (remembering) and when necessary. is the usage process. Learning from another perspective; It can also be defined as changes seen in the mental structures of individuals. While some of these changes can be observed, some may not be directly observable. The learning process is a process in which the individual is active.
How Do We Learn? According to the Information Processing Model, learning occurs in the human mind as follows;
Stimulus----->Sensory Record------>Attention----->Perception ----->Short-term memory----->regular and spaced repetition----->coding------->long-term memory------>testing
------>LEARNING
If we examine the same scheme from another angle;
Stimuli- ---->Sensory Registration------>Attention----->Perception----->Short-term memory------->non-repetition------->coding not doing -------> FORGETTING
During the learning process, sensory recording receives environmental stimuli through sensory organs. Information that needs to be stored for a longer period of time is stored in short-term memory. Hundreds of stimuli come into the sensory register. These stimuli will either be forgotten or tried to be kept in short-term memory by repeating them or kept in long-term memory. Necessary procedures will be taken to obtain consent. If attention and advanced processing are not provided, the information entering the sensory record will diminish and disappear, and after a while it will be felt as if it had never been perceived. For this reason, processes such as attention, regular and intermittent repetition, and placement by trying ensure that information is placed in long-term memory.
What is Long-Term Memory? It is a permanent warehouse where new information is organized and stored with old ones.
*After an average of 30 seconds, every remembered information is recalled from long-term memory.
*The capacity of long-term memory is considered unlimited. It includes information stored at short intervals such as a few minutes or long intervals such as a lifetime.
*Information in long-term memory is passive. In other words, it can be stored for a lifetime.
*In order to remember the information in long-term memory, it is necessary to have appropriate coding (password, time, place, number, etc. reminders).
*Long-term memory for many years. It can keep information without changing it much.
*Forgetting in long-term memory is caused by the problem of accessing information rather than the loss of information. In other words, there is a problem of retrieval (remembering) rather than storage. Trying to retrieve information from long-term memory can be likened to looking for a book in the library. If the book cannot be found, this does not indicate that the book does not exist, but that it is looked for on the wrong shelf.
Memory Supports: Memory supports are strategies that help coding by creating associations that do not naturally exist. These strategies are based on imagination and verbal symbols.
*Loci Method: In this method, physical features of the environment and imagination are used together in order to remember some items in the correct order. For example: In order to remember the presidents of the Republic of Turkey in the correct order, all the rooms of a house are remembered in order and matched with the presidents. This method can be used for all lists that need to be remembered in order.
*Hook Method: To use this method, first a list of names is created from words that are similar in sound to numbers. This list can be used whenever needed.
For example: one-dirt, two-fox, three-power, four-hard, etc. The words that are wanted to be remembered are matched with the words and visual images related to them are created.
1)Istanbul-----------> Istanbul with a dirty sea
2)Manisa--- --------->There are many foxes in Manisa
3)Agri--------------->It is very difficult to climb Mount Ararat
4)Afyon------------->Afyon marble is very hard
*Connection Method: This method uses words to be remembered one after the other. It is applied in the form of creating incoming visual images. The fact that these images are unusual and strange makes them easier to remember. For example: The words carpet, television, flag, tank, ant and bird must be remembered in order. For this reason, a strange relationship can be established between the first word and the visual image. We can imagine that we came to school on a flying carpet today and watched television on the carpet. An anthem is sung and a flag appears on television. The flag is on the tank when it should be on the pole. The tank is advancing by crushing anthills and a big bird swallows the tank…
*First Letter Method: This method is generally used to remember sequences. A meaningful whole is tried to be created by using the first letters of each word in the series. For example: to remember the planets in the solar system in order, a sentence can be made up of the first letters of the planets. Curious Parent Almost Dismembered Uğur with a Razor in the Neighborhood Yesterday.
As can be seen, memory aids are used to facilitate remembering and play an effective role in settling information into long-term memory.
Repetition is of Great Importance in Strengthening Memory. It will be useful to repeat regularly and systematically to strengthen the memory.
In the first 24 hours of learning, what has been learned must be repeated. If notes were taken during learning, the first revision can be done by reviewing the notes. Repetition in the first 24 hours helps to retain what has been learned for an average of 1 week.
In the first week after learning, studies show that if what is learned is not repeated, a large part of it is forgotten in the first week. Therefore, it would be correct to perform a second repetition within 1 week. This is the place of relearning It will help to keep it as a reference for 1 month.
With a refreshing repetition at the end of 1 month after learning, what has been learned will be placed in long-term memory very strongly.
DON'T FORGET!
*People forget what they have learned very quickly.
*What is learned at the beginning and at the end is remembered more.
*Striking words, names and shapes are remembered better.
*Vivid descriptions, different, interesting definitions are remembered better.
*Instead of learning a long list, learning by dividing it into smaller parts. is easier.
*If it is not known in advance how much time to study, the less recall will be.
*In order to get the best efficiency from the study to be done, the study should be divided into certain intervals (45-60 minutes of studies). may be ideal depending on the learning area). Because continuing to study for too long without taking a break causes attention and concentration to gradually decrease.
*Study times may be longer for studies such as writing and preparing homework.
*Each study period. There should be a certain rest period after the session.
*When there is no repetition, on average 80% of what has been learned is forgotten.
*Taking notes, working by writing, incorporating as many sense organs as possible into learning, Regular and spaced repetition significantly increases the permanence of what is learned.
*Regular repetitions should be planned on a time scale.
*One of the factors that have the most disruptive effect on learning; fatigue, stress, illness, lack of motivation, despair, etc.
*The activity that has the least disruptive effect on learning is sleep. For this reason, doing a short review before going to sleep can be of great benefit.
*Learning should be purposeful. Determining goals or reasons for learning will also increase the desire to learn.
Various Attitudes Developed towards Motivation and Learning: Desire and positive attitude towards learning are the most important factors that increase motivation. Research generally collects students' attitudes towards learning under 3 main headings;
1) A student with an attitude of focusing on learning also has As l;
*There is no fear of failure.
*He is highly motivated.
*He is self-confident.
*Planned work and study. He is conscious about developing strategies.
*He is aware of why he is learning. This is an extension of his awareness of his success (life in a broad sense) goals.
2) Avoiding failure In general, a student with an avoidance attitude:
*The fear of not being successful is dominant.
*He has low motivation.
*He is generally focused on failure, not success.
*Looks for the reasons for his failure in his own abilities, intelligence capacity or the content of the course. For this reason, he generally wants to pass the course, not learn.
*He prefers short-term or memorized studies instead of studying with understanding.
*Practices such as exams to check the results of learning increase his tension.
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3) In general, the student who has the attitude of accepting failure;
*Sees failure as inevitable.
*He has not been able to create the necessary reasons to work. For this reason, he does not make an effort to study regularly.
*He needs constant external support. He does not make an effort on his own to be successful.
*Instead of investigating the reasons for his failure, he tends to avoid responsibility by looking for excuses.
*He allocates more time to extracurricular activities.
In the three types of student attitudes mentioned above, it is not possible for a student to stay in the same group all the time. These transitions between groups are directly proportional to the effort the student will make. The attitude of accepting failure can be seen as the most dangerous attitude. Considering what can be done to change such attitudes;
Based on the idea that the best source of motivation is the person himself, a number of motivation sources can be created. To be successful, to gain appreciation, to get approval, to pass a class, to graduate, to get a diploma, to be accepted for a job, etc. Studying by imagining goals and wanting to achieve them can increase motivation.
It should not be forgotten that all kinds of lessons are effective in achieving life goals.
Studying is a success.
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