The first healthy birth with in vitro fertilization took place in 1978 and Louise Brown was born with this method in England. In in vitro fertilization, the ovaries are stimulated with medications and after reaching a certain maturity, they are collected under anesthesia in the operating room and given to the embryology laboratory. In the laboratory, each oocyte collected with sperm taken from the patient's partner is fertilized. Embryos incubated in the laboratory for 3-5 days are transferred into the uterus
hCG is generally applied 33-36 hours before egg collection. There are preparations that can be applied only intramuscularly and both intramuscularly and subcutaneously. It ensures the maturation of eggs before collection.
Progesterone: It is a natural hormone and helps fertilized eggs (embryos) to hold on to the uterus.
Collection of Eggs (OPU - Oocyte PickUp):
Egg collection procedures are performed with the help of vaginal ultrasonography (transvaginal ultrasonography). The fluid in the follicles is collected with the help of a thin needle from the ovaries observed with an ultrasonography probe. This process usually takes 15-20 minutes. GnRH analogs or antagonists are used to prevent follicles from rupturing earlier than expected. However, in rare cases, they may not be able to achieve this, and the follicles crack before egg collection and the eggs disperse into the abdominal cavity. This event is called spontaneous ovulation.
In this case, the application is canceled. In order for patients to relax during the procedure, anesthetic drugs are used intravenously to ensure that they do not feel pain.
Sperm Donation:
On the day the eggs are collected, a sperm sample is given to the laboratory to be used in the fertilization process. In the laboratory, the sperm cells in the sperm sample to be used in the fertilization process are separated by various methods. The ones that move better are selected and cleared of other fluids.
Fertilization of Eggs:
The collected eggs are evaluated under a microscope, and each is graded according to their maturity. The maturity of the egg determines its fertilization capacity. Then, the process begins with the sperm according to the method decided to be applied.
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