The main feature of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the permanent and continuous short attention span, impulsivity and restlessness that occur in behavior or cognition due to lack of inhibitory control.
As a result of this, the child's developmental development The following 3 basic problems arise:
Short attention span
Inadequate impulse control
Overactivity
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a psychological disorder that occurs with symptoms of hyperactivity, attention problems and the inability to postpone requests. In order to say that a child has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, comparison with his/her peers is correct. If the mobility and attention deficits are too high compared to their peers, preventing them from playing games and establishing healthy relationships with their peers, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be mentioned.
When families go to the necessary places for help, people with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and especially hyperactivity They describe their children, whose mobility symptoms are prominent, with words such as "climbs the smooth wall", "it is impossible to hold him down in one place", "he cannot fit in the palm of his hand", "he does not sit still for more than five minutes", "he lands from branch to branch while playing".
Symptoms:
-Symptoms of Hyperactivity and Impulsivity:
He often fidgets with his hands and feet or fidgets in his seat.
He often gets up from his seat in situations where he is expected to sit.
He often runs around or climbs in inappropriate situations.
Often has difficulty participating in leisure activities or playing games calmly.
Most of the time is in motion or acts as if being driven by a motorbike.
He often talks too much.
He often answers the questions before the question is completed.
He often has difficulty waiting his turn.
He often interrupts others or interferes with what they are doing.
Extreme huh irritability or squirming
Difficulty sitting still
Easily distracted
Losing things frequently
Difficulty following the rules
Difficulty playing quietly
Difficulty waiting for one's turn in games
Sliding from one activity to another
Frequently engaging in dangerous activities
When the mothers of some children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder are asked when the symptoms started in their children, the answer they receive is very interesting. Mothers state that they feel that they are more active than their other children while they are pregnant. Most parents perceive that their children are different in infancy and early childhood. Even during the toddler period, it is observed that these children jump from one side to the other, from one toy to another, and do not like to be held, or for the person they are holding to stop even if they are held.
Frequency:
The frequency of occurrence in girls and boys differs. shows. Boys are 4-8 times more likely to have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder than girls. In addition, it is known that the type showing symptoms of hyperactivity, destructive behavior, and impulsivity (inability to postpone requests) is more common in boys, while the type showing symptoms of inattention is more common in girls.
It is seen with an average frequency of 3-5% in all societies. In other words, on average, one in every 30-50 children is thought to have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Causes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder:
. It is seen that no single factor is responsible for the formation of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, but a combination of many biological, structural and environmental factors.
Problems Accompanying Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder:
The majority of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder experience problems in many other areas in addition to the symptoms of this disorder. Among these, school success such as "Learning Disorders" Factors that reduce the child's health are important psychological problems such as "Oppositional Defiant Disorder", which makes it difficult for the child to adapt to society, and "Depression and Anxiety Disorders".
D.E.H.B. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FAMILIES OF CHILDREN WITH ADDICTION
Accept your child as he is; As parents, do not blame each other. Also, do not blame your child by seeing him as a punishment given to the family.
Remember that the diagnosis should be made by a child psychiatrist and treatment should be started.
Know that the treatment of these children will cover a long period of time.
If applicable, how long drug treatment will continue is determined by the child psychiatrist. It is important to follow the doctor's recommendations. If there is no change in the child during the treatment process, be sure to report this to the doctor.
Remember that the problem can be overcome with the cooperation of Doctor + Family + Teacher.
Do not compare your child with other children. This will not correct the negative behavior and will create doubts about your love for him/her.
These children do not have difficulty concentrating on the subject they are interested in. Therefore, turn your work at home into a game. For example; Get mazes, puzzles and line exercises done. Have them cut out certain pictures and shapes with scissors, then paste them elsewhere. Teach them to match the same pictures. Perforated beads or fusilli pasta etc. Have him string it up. Run with dough or mud; Have him make a circle in his palm and then make the shapes he wishes. Have them look at the painted samples and have similar ones painted. Let him play with Lego and Puzzle type toys. Work on things like tightening a half screw or hammering a nail.
Ask him/her to collect the lentils or rice grains that have fallen into small clumps. Have them practice putting on and taking off gloves, opening and closing zippers, opening and closing tight jar lids.
Sentences such as “You are so careless”, “I have told you forty times, you are still not paying attention”, “Look in front of you” can cause inadequacy in the child and It reinforces feelings of incompetence.
Speak by making eye contact. �un.
Avoid detailed and lengthy explanations; Give clear and short instructions.
Try to teach step by step instead of teaching the entire job or subject.
Pick up schoolwork from the teacher in person every day.
For schoolwork. ; Shorten working hours and take frequent breaks. Make sure that the breaks are short (for example, about 10 minutes).
Repeat everything you teach very often and make it a habit.
Do not scold him or overreact when he makes a mistake. “No, wrong behavior!” Give the command.
Set rules and do not be compromising in applying the rules. (Clearly inform the child about the behaviors you want and do not want. If he can read and write, write them down one by one and hang them in certain places in his room.)
They need to see their positive aspects, be loved, and be rewarded more than other children. Notice and reward positive behavior. Because children with ADHD are impatient, they wait for approval immediately after completing the task. For example; 10 minutes without your child taking care of other things. If he's been paying attention to his homework throughout, don't wait until dinner to reward him.
Make sure that there are no stimulants in the study environment and that the lighting and temperature regime are well adjusted. The desk should only be used for work; eating, playing games, etc. Be careful that they are not used in activities.
When they misuse the tools and equipment they use and lose them frequently, instead of buying a new one, help them get a new one by saving money from their own pocket money.
Direct them to sports or social activities.
Take your child to places where he can make friends, help him make friends and play.
Take him to public places such as bazaars and markets, and help him improve his communication with the outside environment.
With the environment outside the home. Give relevant information. (Traffic signs, buildings, stores, etc.) “See, look! “Ask.
TV, computers and video games should be limited. It is enough for primary school age children to spend at most one and a half hours.
Show a patient, understanding, affectionate, determined and consistent attitude in your work.
Give your child confidence and make him/her believe that he/she can achieve some activities.
It is very important for all members of the family to participate in this process, to be sensitive and consistent to the child's needs, away from excessive discipline and excessive tolerance.
In selecting a teacher; If the preference is given to a male teacher, more successful results are obtained. It can be thought that this is due to the male teacher's ability to represent authority more clearly.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TEACHERS OF CHILDREN WITH ADD
Diagnosis of hyperactivity. It is a medical diagnosis and is made only by child psychiatrists who specialize in their field. Hyperactivity is usually a manageable condition. Treatment takes place with the participation of the family and teacher and the coordination of professional people (child psychiatrist, psychologist, psychological counselor, etc.). The golden period for treatment is preschool and the first years of school age. Treatment consists of eliminating or neutralizing structural and environmental factors that make the child's learning adaptation difficult. It should be considered that the medicine given to the child by the doctor is a tool to make life easier and quickly overcome problematic periods, and that it is limited to a temporary period. (Similar to the purpose of use of painkillers and antipyretics.) The effect of the medicine begins to show itself after the first 30 minutes, usually within the 3rd hour. It eases towards the end and resets at the 4th and 5th hours. Medication alone is not a factor that increases course success. But it can be considered an important helper. Teacher; He/she should give feedback to the family and doctor about the changes in the hyperactive child's behavior.
Each child's needs will be different. Needs must be met by taking this difference into consideration. In other words, treating all children in the classroom equally does not mean showing the same behavior to all of them. Every child in the classroom
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