Spine Surgery
When we say spine surgery, it includes all spinal regions, starting from the skull base-neck spine junction, including the sacrum bone and extending to the coccyx. Although many diseases of the spine are most common in the lumbar region, they can also be seen in the cervical spine, dorsal spine and sacrum. Diseases affecting the spine may be congenital or may appear later as we age. Congenital scoliosis, kyphosis, kypho-scoliosis, which constitute congenital spine diseases, spina bifida, which can be seen due to developmental disorders of the spine, and formation and segmentation anomalies of the spine are some of them. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is frequently encountered in the developmental period during puberty, and some of them progress and require surgical treatment. As we age, the disc tissue between the vertebrae begins to age and the amount of fluid in it begins to decrease. With the degeneration of the disc tissue between the vertebrae, the process of degeneration (deterioration and aging) in the spine begins. After the deterioration of the disc structure, degenerations occur in the joints between the vertebrae and loosening of the joint capsules occurs. If this process progresses, we may encounter narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis), slipping of the vertebrae over each other (spondylolisthesis) and degenerative scoliosis. The above-mentioned degenerative diseases of the spine usually progress after middle age (after 50-55 years of age) and are a very painful process. Apart from these, fractures and shifts of the spine seen after a fall or traffic accident, spinal tumors, inflammatory diseases of the spine (such as bacterial discitis and spinal tuberculosis) and some problems that develop after previous spine operations (flat waist syndrome, pseudoarthrosis, adjacent segment disease, failed waist syndrome). Methods used in spine surgery; It includes microsurgery, endoscopic disc surgery, minimally invasive surgeries, non-fusion instrumentation techniques (dynamic stabilization), total disc prostheses and fused instrumentation surgeries. These techniques applied in spine surgery may vary depending on the patient's clinic and pathology, as well as the surgeon's experience and preference.
O spinal cord Surgery
The spinal cord or spinal cord starts from the neck region and extends to the coccyx. Symptoms of diseases of the spinal cord that require surgery vary depending on the spinal cord segment and location. For example, spinal cord involvement in the neck region may cause weakness and numbness in the arms and legs, while spinal cord involvement in the back and waist region may cause weakness and numbness in the legs, but does not affect the arms. The spinal cord usually ends between the first lumbar vertebra and the second lumbar vertebra in adults. After this region, the spinal cord is called cauda equina. The nerves leaving the spinal cord in the cauda equina proceed towards the legs and each terminate in separate muscle tissues. Spinal cord surgery is used for spinal cord tumors, infections (abscesses), cysts (syringomyelia), vascular anomalies (AVM, cavernoma, AV fistulas) and conditions that cause tense spinal cord syndrome (split cord syndrome, thick filum terminale, intraspinal lipoma, dermal sinus tract). ) is implemented. Spinal surgery is routinely performed with the aid of an operating microscope and microsurgical techniques. Intraoperative neuromonitoring has been widely used in recent years to avoid damaging normal tissues during spinal cord surgery.
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