Psychological Characteristics of a 2-Year-Old Child
2 years old is an age period in which mobility and speaking skills are acquired and attempts to become independent are seen. While the 2-year-old child continues to be dependent on the mother, he also enjoys acting on his own.
He gradually begins to establish relationships with strangers and peers. The sense of independence is very important and this feature is seen in all skills.
A 2-year-old child is stubborn, constantly insists, active and curious, makes a mess, has a negative, indecisive and rebellious attitude. He wants to do everything himself. He becomes angry when his work is restricted or not allowed. He is in constant conflict with his parents. He does the opposite of what is said.
With the age of 2, the happy, calm, easy-to-manage and obedient child suddenly turns into a cranky, indecisive, unhappy child who cries frequently and does not obey.
Language Development
The speech of a 2-year-old child has begun to be understood by foreigners. Vocabulary increases rapidly. It understands more than it uses. The child first learns object names, then verbs. Then he puts two words together and starts to make a sentence. He frequently asks questions to get to know the outside world and enrich his vocabulary.
The development of vocabulary is important for the child's social and emotional development. A child who has difficulty expressing himself/herself has difficulty establishing social relationships, especially with peers, and is excluded.
Factors Causing Speech Problems
Health: Severe and long-lasting diseases. It may cause delay in language development. Fulfilling every desire of the child without giving him the opportunity to express his wishes due to the disease delays speech development.
Intelligence: It is thought that the sounds made by the child before the age of 2 have no connection with intelligence, and that language development after the age of 2 is directly proportional to the development of intelligence.
Gender: The language development of boys is slower than girls. They use shorter sentences than girls. Their vocabularies are also more limited than girls'.
Family Relations : A healthy mother-child relationship positively affects language development. Talking to the child, reading books to him, and playing games with him enable the child to use language properly and effectively.
Encouragement to Talk: In order for language to be used as a means of communication, the child must feel this as a need. It is observed that the language development of children whose wishes are understood and fulfilled without being given the opportunity to express their wishes is behind compared to their peers.
Genetic Factors: One or more of the family members such as father, uncle, first-degree cousin have a late speech problem. In this case, it can be thought that the speech problem seen in the child is due to a genetic predisposition.
Developmental Problems: In cases where language development is affected, such as pervasive developmental disorder or autism, the child either does not speak at all or cannot use the language effectively.
Television: Spending too much time in front of television, especially images with fast transitions such as commercials and clips, causes language development to be delayed.
Neurological Problems: Some problems in the speech center of the brain also create problems in speaking and using language effectively. .
What Can Be Done Against Speech Problems?
First of all, it is necessary to find the source of the speech problem. If the speech problem is caused by the attitudes of the parents, that is, if the child is not given enough opportunity to use the language effectively, if the parents do not communicate much with the child, do not talk, do not read books, do not play games, if the child spends too much time in front of the television, then
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Increasing the duration and quality of the parent-child relationship,
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Limiting the child's relationship with television,
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Supporting language development Playing games,
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Looking at picture books together,
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It is necessary to ensure that talking becomes a need.
In cases where there is a delay in mental, motor and psycho-social development as well as language development, and in cases where behaviors such as not making eye contact, not responding to someone's name, turning around, or swaying are exhibited, it is necessary to seek help from an expert.
Attitude Supporting Language Development lar
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Tell him about what you do when dressing, eating, playing games.
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Ensure that he is together with his peers.
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Be careful to use proper sentences while speaking. Do not use babyish expressions.
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Create opportunities for him to express his wishes verbally.
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Do not force him to talk, motivate him.
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Look at picture books and tell what you see.
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Sing short songs. Ask him to imitate your gestures and facial expressions.
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Name the people you see in the photo album.
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