Major Depression
According to DSM-5, five symptoms must be present for at least fourteen days in order to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Among the five symptoms, the criteria of loss of pleasure and depression should be present. The diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder according to DSM-5 are as follows;
- Mood is sad or unable to enjoy routine activities
- Increase or decrease in the person's sleep
- Psychomotor slowing
- Psychomotor Agitation
- Decreased appetite
- Decrease in daily energy
- Self-devaluation
- Feeling extremely guilty
- Difficulty concentrating
- Difficulty thinking or making decisions
- Recurrent thoughts of suicide or suicide
Major depressive disorder is an episodic disorder. It is seen periodically. When the period passes, there is no discomfort. Major depressive disorder can last up to five months if left untreated. Although rare, these patients may have difficulty in restoring their functionality. However, there is a small chance of falling into a chronic disease. Some patients may experience depression for years with few symptoms. Depression is divided into three categories depending on the severity of the symptoms: mild, moderate and severe. In patients with mild symptoms, the person is able to continue their daily work. He can go to work and do housework. Its functionality is preserved. In moderate symptoms, disruptions in the functionality of the person may occur. The person may not want to go to work and may have difficulty in doing the daily work. In severe depression, where the symptoms are very intense, the functionality of the person is completely broken. The person cannot go to work, and he becomes unable to do the things he needs to do at home. It cannot fulfill its responsibilities. In addition to its functionality, there is a deterioration in social relations. The person may experience social withdrawal. This disorder has the potential to recur. If an individual has experienced a major depressive episode once, the rate of re-experiencing it is quite high. Studies show that two out of every three people may experience a repeat major depressive episode. Each episode is followed by a period of triggers an i major episode. Major depressive disorder is a very common mental disorder. In a 2005 study by Kessler et al., sixteen out of every hundred people in the United States had a major depressive episode at some point in their lives.
Persistent\Long-Term Depressive Disorder
Individuals with this disorder are depressed for most of their lives. They are unable to enjoy the activities they routinely perform. For a diagnosis to be made, he must have been showing depressive symptoms for at least two years. It has a mild course compared to the symptoms of major depressive disorder in individuals with long-term depressive disorder. The person performs the tasks that he has to do from a duty point of view. These people have many cognitive distortions towards themselves, so they have difficulty in enjoying all aspects of life.
Reactive Depression
Reactive depression is an important event that affects a person's life. depression subtype. It is an important criterion to affect the psychosocial life stress of the person. Its symptoms are similar to mild depression. There is no disruption in the functionality of the person. The person is able to fulfill his/her responsibilities. No deterioration in appetite is observed. A slight deterioration in sleep can be observed.
Pre-Monthly Dysphoria Disorder
It is a subtype of depression seen in women's menstruation, that is, menstrual periods. According to the diagnostic criteria, at least five of the symptoms of depression should be present in the last week before menstruation.
Symptoms begin to disappear within 2 or 3 days after the menstrual period. It occurs in eight of every ten women. The person can be visibly easily irritable, angry mood or deteriorate in interpersonal relationships. Anxiety and tension are one of the mood symptoms.
Postpartum Depression
Physiological, social and psychological changes are seen in women during pregnancy and subsequent delivery period. this is woman It is difficult to adapt to the times. This situation of strain increases the possibility of mental disorders in women. Postpartum depression is a type of depression seen in women in the postpartum period. Postpartum depression is also known as postpartum. Suicidal behaviors of women are common in the postpartum period. It negatively affects the functionality of the mother, child and father. Postpartum affects two out of every ten women worldwide. In studies conducted in our country, this rate was found to be 28%. The number of treatments is limited. Major depressive disorder treatment method is generally used in the treatment. A specific treatment model for postpartum is very limited.
Destructive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
In this subtype of depression, the person experiences intense temper tantrums. Temper tantrums can be seen verbally or behaviorally. Occurs at least half of the week or more. The tantrums are recurring. Among these tantrums, a distinct negative mood is observed in the person. The intensity and severity of outbursts are disproportionate. The person has outbursts of anger towards family members, groups of friends, colleagues, teachers and similar people. Temper tantrums and negative mood are observed by at least two social circles of the person. Symptoms must last at least 1 year for diagnosis. However, the period without symptoms should not exceed 3 months.
Depression Caused by Substance\Medicine
The person has a distinctly negative mood. The person has a general depressed mood of malaise. This disorder markedly interferes with daily functioning. These symptoms occur after withdrawal of the substance/drug or ingestion of the substance/drug. Diagnosis can be made if depressive symptoms cannot be explained by any reason other than substance/medication
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