If you smoke, you need to quit immediately. If you are a patient who smokes, talk to your doctor sincerely. In this case, lung functions will need to be carefully evaluated before surgery. Every doctor you have ever talked to has informed you about how harmful smoking is for your heart health. You know that every time you smoke, your coronary arteries become narrower and the risk of blockage increases.
In addition, the damage to your lungs affects your general health in the future. Especially patients who are current smokers have serious lung problems after surgery. There is nothing more wrong than continuing to smoke while waiting for your turn for surgery.
Please try to get rid of the effects of smoking on your body by quitting smoking as soon as possible, at least until your surgery. This period is your last opportunity to quit smoking.
If you still smoke, you should quit smoking immediately.
If you are overweight, you should lose as much weight as possible by dieting before your surgery. The risk of postoperative complications in overweight patients is higher than in patients of normal weight. The dietitian staff at our hospital is ready to help you lose weight and reach a sufficient weight before your surgery.
Why do I need a heart surgery?
The reason why you are recommended to have a heart surgery is as a result of your examinations. This is because it has been decided that it will not be sufficient or possible to treat the problem detected in your heart with methods such as medication or angioplasty (PTCA).
Three types of heart surgery are performed in adult patients:
- Stenosis in the coronary arteries. "coronary bypass (bridge) surgeries" performed due to blockages or blockages (previous infarction),
- "Valve surgeries" performed due to stenosis or insufficiency in the heart valves,
- Detected at older ages, “Congenital heart anomalies” such as holes detected between the two atria or ventricles.
Coronary vascular diseases
Coronary arteries provide oxygen and energy to the heart muscle and ensure its nutrition. are lateral arteries. Stenosis or blockages may occur as a result of fatty substances and calcium accumulation on the inner surface of the walls of the coronary arteries. The percentage of stenosis as well as the location of the occlusion and stenosis (main vessel, exit from the main vessel, etc.) determine the severity and urgency of the disease. While patients' complaints may be stinging and burning pains in the chest while exercising or at rest, a patient who definitely needs surgery may not have any complaints (silent ischemia).
Acute blockages in the coronary vessels can cause a heart attack (myocardial infarction). It may cause destruction of the part of the heart muscle that is fed by this vessel. For this reason, cardiac surgeons are happier to operate on patients who have undergone surgery without having a heart infarction.
What does the surgeon do?
The most classical way to reach the heart is the method in which the breastbone (sternum) is opened from the middle. In some special methods, the size and location of these incisions vary. The first step in heart surgery is to stop the heart by connecting the blood flow between the heart and lungs to a pump (heart lung machine) during surgery. Some surgeries can be performed on a working heart.
Coronary BYPASS (Bridge) Surgeries
- Double coronary bypass surgery performed with one leg (saphenous) and one chest vein (mamarya).
- Double coronary bypass surgery performed with one arm (radial) and one chest vein (mamarya).
- Triple coronary bypass surgery performed with two arms (radial) and one chest vein (mamarya). full arterial - the best)
The basic principle in bypass (bridge) surgeries is to remove the clogged or narrowed coronary artery from the leg (saphenous), arm (radial artery), stomach (gastroepiploic artery) or chest. (mamarya interna) is to make a jump - bridge with a vein taken. In the veins taken from the chest, the blood comes from the vein going to the arm, and in the vein taken from the stomach, it comes from the stomach vein. The upper ends of other free vessels are sewn to the aorta and blood is carried to the front of the stenosis. Thus, with a new vessel (bypass graft), the flow of blood that carries energy and oxygen to the heart muscle in the area where there is stenosis or occlusion is ensured. The number of bypass vessels performed during surgery varies between 1 and 6. Generally, 2-4 veins are bypassed or bypassed.
The veins used by the surgeon during the surgery are the veins that are found in the patient's own body and do not leave any deficiency when removed.
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