Our body's basic energy needs are met by carbohydrates. For absorption to occur, carbohydrate must be converted into glucose, which is the smallest unit. Glucose is a source of energy for the brain and other organs. However, the hormone insulin is needed for cells to use this glucose. If the insulin hormone is not found in the body in sufficient levels, it will not be possible to use glucose as energy. Because insulin carries the glucose in the blood to the cells. In the absence of insulin, glucose accumulates in the blood. This event is called diabetes, that is, high blood sugar.
How many types of diabetes are there?
Of course, diabetes is not the only type and every type of diabetes is Both types have different points.
TYPE 1 Diabetes: It occurs as a result of the pancreas not being able to secrete insulin at all. This type of diabetes usually begins in childhood or adolescence. In type 1 diabetes, insulin is taken externally daily.
TYPE 2 Diabetes: In this type of diabetes; It is more likely to occur in people with a family history of diabetes. It is generally most likely to occur at the age of 40 and above. Excess weight is a risk factor for this disease. In this type of diabetes, insulin is secreted but does not have any effect. Gestational diabetes: This type of diabetes, which may occur due to hormonal changes during pregnancy and is usually temporary after pregnancy, should be controlled throughout the pregnancy. Since these individuals have a high risk of developing diabetes later, constant control is required.
NUTRITIONAL TREATMENT
Nutritional therapy is one of the cornerstones of controlling diabetes. To ensure the desired healthy treatment process;
Fasting blood sugar (FBG): 90- 130 mg/dl
Postprandial blood sugar (PBG): 140- 180 mg/dl
HbA1c: < 7%
Total cholesterol:<200 mg/dl
LDL cholesterol:< 100 mg/dl
Triglyceride: <150 mg/dl is preferred.
When diabetic patients do not pay attention to their diet, their risk of developing heart disease is very high. Again, high and unbalanced levels of sugar can lead to cataracts in the eye and even blindness. Loss of sensation may occur in nerve endings. At worst, the kidneys may lose their function and go into failure. poor circulation Gangrene may occur in the feet and fingers, and as a result, loss of that organ may occur. It may be possible to save it with good care. But it can also have unpleasant consequences. You don't actually have to experience any of this. When diabetic people follow their diet, they are not even sick for us. Their diets are much more comfortable than before. When they pay attention to their diet through a good education process, they live healthier and longer lives. At this point, our aim is; To prevent and treat chronic complications (diseases that occur in diabetes) that may occur in the future, to gain adequate and balanced nutrition habits, and to increase life expectancy and quality. Nutritional treatments of individuals with diabetes; It is prepared by the dietitian according to your age, height, body weight, physical activity status and eating habits. The nutrition program is personalized. A common program cannot be created. In order to ensure adequate and balanced nutrition, individuals with diabetes must consume all nutrients in recommended amounts and according to their energy needs.
80% of type 2 diabetics are obese. Weight loss by reducing energy intake positively affects metabolic control. It is important to determine the energy needs of diabetic individuals and to obtain the appropriate energy
through diet in order to achieve the desired body weight.
Carbohydrates
Approximately 50-60% of the total daily calories should come from carbohydrates.
/> High fiber, unrefined, complex carbohydrates such as whole-wheat bread, whole-wheat rice, pasta and legumes should be preferred.
1 gram of carbohydrate provides 4 calories of energy.
Sugar.
Sugar from fruit increases blood sugar less than pure sugar. For this reason, consuming fruit with a protein-rich food should be preferred in snacks. Eating fruits that can be eaten with their peels without peeling is good for fiber and prevents rapid rise in blood sugar
Proteins
12% of the total daily calories. It should be arranged so that 15 of it comes from proteins.
1 gram of protein provides 4 calories of energy.
Fats
It should be arranged so that 30% of the daily energy intake comes from fats. r.
1 gram provides 9 calories of energy. It would be appropriate to increase the consumption of oils, which are described as unsaturated fats, instead of saturated fats. You should adjust the amount of fat you put in vegetable dishes to 2 tablespoons of oil per 1 kg of vegetables.
The relationship between diabetes and obesity…
The hormone that lowers blood sugar is insulin.
In case of obesity, it is in the pancreas. The effect of the insulin hormone decreases and resistance to insulin occurs. Trying to respond to this resistance, the pancreas gets tired over time, and in this case, various disorders in insulin production begin to occur. As body weight increases, the risk of diabetes also increases. For this reason, obese individuals should also control their body weight. Thus, precautions are taken to protect against diabetes and other chronic diseases.
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