Glucose is the body's main energy source. In order for glucose to be used as an energy source in cells, it must first enter the cell. Insulin is a hormone that allows glucose to enter the cell and nourish our cells. Insulin resistance; the inability of insulin to show its effect even though there is enough insulin in the blood, insulin in sensitive tissues. It is a condition in which the body secretes extra insulin to take effect. There is a misconception that only carbohydrate metabolism is affected in case of insulin resistance. In case of insulin resistance, carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism are negatively affected. It is not known exactly why insulin resistance occurs, but many studies have shown that the most important causes of insulin resistance are inactivity and excess weight.
Other known causes of insulin resistance:
Ethnicity, smoking, sleep disorders, consumption of steroids and some drugs, puberty and pregnancy
(puberty and temporary, physiological insulin resistance occurs during pregnancy)
What is its frequency?
In parallel with the increasing obesity in the world and in our country, a similar increase in the frequency of insulin resistance is observed. It is 25-30% in the world and in our country. It is estimated that the percentage is around 30%.
Who should be screened for insulin resistance?
Since obesity (Body mass index>25) is the most common cause of insulin resistance, waist circumference in all obese patients insulin resistance in people with increased blood pressure (>80cm in women >94cm in men), fasting blood sugar>100mg/dl, blood pressure>130/85mmHg, blood triglyceride level>150mg/dl, HDL cholesterol level below 50mg/dl in women, and below 40mg/dl in men. It would be appropriate to be examined.
Which tests should be done to diagnose insulin resistance?
Different laboratory tests are used to calculate insulin resistance. The most accurate diagnostic method is cheap and easy to perform. It is routinely performed in almost every hospital. Checking fasting / postprandial blood sugar, HbA1c and fasting blood insulin level is sufficient for diagnosis.
What are the negative effects of insulin resistance on our body?
Insulin resistance affects many systems in our body and causes our health. Obesity, hypertension, heart failure by disrupting fat and carbohydrate metabolism Snow causes diabetes mellitus. The risk of heart disease is doubled in patients with insulin resistance.
Is there a treatment for insulin resistance?
As in many diseases, the basic approach should be aimed at eliminating the conditions that cause insulin resistance, that is, the cause. insulin Nutrition and exercise programs should be implemented for obesity, which is the most common cause of resistance. What are the points we should pay attention to in nutrition?
A weight-loss nutrition program containing adequate and balanced nutrients should be implemented. Foods with a high glycemic index that suddenly increase blood sugar are abundant. Since they will cause insulin secretion, they should be consumed very little or not at all. 50% of the nutritional composition is carbohydrates (complex carbohydrates = bran, oats, corn, beans, peas, chickpeas, buckwheat, oats, lentils…), 30% fat and 20%. It should consist of proteins.
Which exercises should be done?
An exercise program should be made according to the patient's age, weight and existing diseases, if any. The important thing in exercise is that it is done regularly and adequately. The recommended weekly duration is an average of 180 minutes of aerobic exercises (walking, running, swimming, etc.).
Medication treatment can be started in cases where nutritional and exercise measures are inadequate. In patients with a BMI>40 Diet, exercise and weight loss drug treatments may be insufficient. In these patients, surgery is also among the treatment options after the patient is evaluated by the relevant branch specialists. Bariatric surgery, which has been widely and successfully performed in our country in recent years, has become one of the permanent weight loss treatment options.
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