The person has experienced, witnessed, or been confronted with an event of actual death or threat of death, serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of oneself or others, and is extremely frightened by this situation Situations in which one experiences fear, terror and helplessness can be defined as traumatic situations. While its general prevalence in society is approximately 8%, it is estimated to be 10-12% in women and 5-6% in men. While the most common trauma in women is rape and sexual assault, the most common trauma in men is war, other physical attacks and accidents. The most important risk factors for this disorder are the severity of the person's exposure to trauma, its duration and proximity to the person.
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a condition that is difficult to diagnose and treat. The accompanying symptoms of depression, anxiety disorders, suicide, psychotic disorders and substance use problems make diagnosis difficult. People who have been exposed to trauma are not always willing to express the trauma they have been exposed to. Also, it is not easy to deal with traumas such as sexual harassment and rape. To be diagnosed, the symptoms must last at least a month after the event and have a significant impact on the person's family, work and social functions.
People relive the traumatic event over and over again in their dreams and daily thoughts, avoid things that will bring the events to their minds, and experience hyperarousal. In addition to the mood, dullness in the responses may also be observed. Feelings of guilt, deterioration in interpersonal relationships, self-harming behavior, physical complaints, shame, hopelessness and thoughts of worthlessness, social distancing, dissociative symptoms and fluctuations in emotions are frequently encountered symptoms.
The most important factor in the development of this situation is stressor. However, not everyone who is exposed to this stressor develops this condition. Especially the meaning of the stressor for the person and how the individual interprets it is very important.
Basically, the severity of the trauma depends on the person's current social level and the individual's previous traumatic experience. It has been suggested that it may be effective in the development of this picture. The more severe the trauma, the more likely the person has been traumatized before and the more likely the person The less social support, the greater the risk.
Post-traumatic stress disorder can occur one month after the trauma or as late as 25-30 years. If the symptoms last less than three months, it is considered acute, if it lasts more than three months, it is chronic, and if the symptoms begin at least six months after the event, it is considered late-onset.
Acute stress disorder; Symptoms must appear within the first four weeks after the event and last for at least two days and at most four weeks.
One must be very careful about the diagnosis and a detailed evaluation must be made, especially the frequent occurrence of other psychiatric disorders makes diagnosis difficult.
The first goal in treatment is to prevent the development of post-traumatic stress disorder by starting treatment early after trauma. During the treatment process, medication and psychotherapy options can be applied separately or together, depending on the current table.
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