Mobbing can generally arise from the psychological structure of the attacker, the psychological structure of the victim, the institution where one works, or social values and judgments. Mobbing is an attack on a person's soul and the victim is intended to be someone who is not respected. Gossips aimed at removing the victim from the work environment and behaviors aimed at damaging the victim's reputation within the company reveal mobbing.
There are many reasons for mobbing in organizations. Any interpersonal conflict occurs before mobbing. Then, the stronger person starts psychological violence by targeting the other person. Because the victim refuses to submit and resists control, the harasser becomes angry and rude and takes action. The only purpose for him now is to make the target that disturbs him regret what he did, to satisfy his own ego, to move away from the workplace, and if possible, to quit the job.
In various studies on mobbing, the reasons for mobbing to occur in workplaces can be cited as faulty personnel recruitment due to management, seasonal employee recruitment, or ruthless struggles between individuals to be promoted to vacant positions in the workplace. Mobbing can be used to impress the manager or boss or even to rise higher. Seeking pleasure in boredom can also be given as an example.
There are also reasons arising from the institution. These;
• Downsizing and restructuring activities
• An overly competitive environment
• Pressure to increase efficiency
• Inadequate communication
• Lack of training
• Over-discipline mentality
• Intense workplace stress
• Lack of transparency
• Bad business performance management
• Insufficiency of teamwork
TYPES OF MOBBING
Vertical Mobbing
This type of mobbing is applied by superiors against their subordinates or by subordinates against their superiors. Mobbing can be done by anyone in any situation. The manager exhibits different behavioral patterns towards his employees can eat.
Horizontal Mobbing
The psychological harassment of employees with the same status and equal authority and responsibilities towards each other is called "horizontal mobbing". Horizontal mobbing is mostly applied by people who are in a competitive position in order to be promoted to a higher position. In this type of mobbing, which is done jealously and insidiously, if those who apply mobbing are not supported by the organization, they deny the violence they commit and think that this is a conflict.
PERSONALITY STRUCTURES OF INDIVIDUALS WHO ENGAGE IN MOBBING
PARANOID TYPES
Paranoid Mobbing people with the disorder think that others are constantly conspiring against them and trying to harm them, and they constantly prepare conspiracies against the other party to combat these possible conspiracy theories.
NARCISSIST TYPES
Narcissism means "self-conceitedness". People with this type of mentality believe that they are superior in ethnic, religious and personal areas. Narcissistic individuals are passionate about achieving unlimited success, wealth and power. They want to be constantly appreciated and admired in order to maintain their extreme sense of self-confidence. These people are dissatisfied.
SADIST TYPES
Sadistic mobbing people take pleasure in all kinds of torture they inflict. People with sadistic spirits commit violence, wounding, inflicting pain, etc. They are interested in topics such as. The mobbing victim's collapse and crying can give him pleasure. Even extremely sadistic types can get sexual pleasure from this. Mobbing people are generally individuals with a sadistic personality structure. Their aggression can be open or covert, and they may engage in behaviors such as keeping people waiting in business life and prolonging meetings unnecessarily.
OBSESIVE TYPES
Obsessive personality disorder manifests itself in people who are so perfectionistic, overly organized and controlling that they forget the main purpose of the job. People with this disorder also experience exaggerated orderliness and think that they are the ones who do the job best. Personality traits such as distrust of others and stinginess can be seen.
INCOMPATIBLE TYPES
Incompatible people are people who do not comply with social rules, do not have the understanding of living together, see the world with their own understanding, and display shameless and tiresome attitudes. These people never learn from their mistakes. Their private lives are not smooth. They are generally fond of alcohol, cigarettes and drugs. They follow no rules when it comes to getting what they want. Following the rules is stupidity for them. The attacker sees other people's superiority as a threat to himself. They are self-centered under threat.
CONSEQUENCES OF MOBBING
The effects of intentional and systematically repeated psychological pressure appear as cumulative damage that gradually occurs on the individual. It is necessary to consider the damages that mobbing causes on the victim in two groups: economic and social. When approaching the issue from an economic perspective, the money paid to the health sector in order to restore first mental health and then physical health, which is gradually being lost, should be considered. As a result of the individual having to quit his job or being fired, a regular income is lost.
When the social damage caused by mobbing is examined; There is a psychological victim, this victim is disturbed and prejudiced against everyone. The individual begins to reflect his/her distressed situation to his/her friends and family, but the individual's constant depressive behavior causes the people around him/her to become uncomfortable and gradually move away from him/her.
In this case, the victim loses self-confidence in every field and becomes confused, clumsy, afraid, ashamed and shy. This situation continues not only in the work environment but also in interpersonal relationships. The person begins to avoid social environments, forget appointments, and break away from family ties. The victim often comes home tired, shows extreme emotional reactions, and may become aggressive for no reason. Not feeling safe enough, misinformation from others Factors such as feeling that one is treated disrespectfully or unfairly, insomnia, feeling of chronic fatigue and burnout, strained familial-marital relations, feeling of being degraded/violated, feeling "not treated as a human being", feeling that no one understands oneself, psychological violence in the workplace its effects on the victim.
Mobbing negatively affects the victim as well as the organization where mobbing is applied. In an organization where mobbing occurs, teamwork is disrupted and unity of purpose is damaged to achieve common goals. The victim of mobbing is greatly affected by the negative situation he is in and cannot fulfill his duties properly. The only goal of the mobbing person is to intimidate the mobbing victim and render him/her incapacitated. As a result of mobbing, businesses lose key employees, the workforce turnover rate increases, and employee motivation deteriorates. Carrying out some studies without getting to the root of the problems is one of the reasons for failure and causes the organization to weaken.
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