What is Laparoscopy?
It is a surgical method supported by technological and technical tools, performed by applying general anesthesia to the patient and making a 0.5-4 cm incision in the abdominal area, without making the usual wide incisions. Laparoscopy, also known as closed surgical operation, bloodless or knifeless surgery, is a procedure performed by injecting carbon dioxide at a pressure of 12-14 mmHg into the patient's abdominal cavity.
The Role of Laparoscopy in Diagnosis and Treatment
While laparoscopy is a method that has been used by gynecologists for 40 years, it has only started to be used by surgeons in the last 15 years. For diagnostic purposes, laparoscopy, which is used in preoperative cancer stagnosis, various liver diseases, and ascites etiology research, provides diagnosis in abdominal pain that cannot be diagnosed by conventional methods. However, laparoscopy is also widely used in post-treatment control stages.
Laparoscopy in general surgery was used for the first time in gallbladder surgery in 1987.
Diseases in which Laparoscopy is Used for Treatment Purposes in Gynecology
Laparoscopy is used as a standard in many diseases for treatment purposes, but it is worth noting that new diseases are gradually being added to the diseases in which it is used for treatment purposes.
Ovarian. Cysts
Today, laparoscopic surgery can be used for simple cysts in the ovaries that do not respond to treatment, endometrioma (chocolate cyst), dermoid cysts.
Ectopic pregnancy and tube diseases
Uterus Laparoscopic surgery can often be used for ectopic pregnancies that develop in the tubes, abdomen, ovaries and do not respond to medical treatment, abscesses or fluid accumulation in the tubes, and tube ligation for sterilization purposes.
Uterine myomas
Uterine myomas
It is one of the most common gynecological disorders. They are benign tumors of the uterus, which consist of smooth muscle cells in the uterus and cause excessive menstrual bleeding, pain and pressure complaints, and can prevent pregnancy or cause miscarriage and premature birth. Today, laparoscopic surgery is the most commonly used method. With laparoscopic surgery, not only myomas but also the uterus and ovaries can be removed when desired.
Gynecological cancers
In cancers of the uterus, ovaries and tubes, operations can be easily performed using laparoscopic surgery and lymph nodes can be removed. It can be applied in cases deemed appropriate by the gynecologist.
The areas where laparoscopic surgery is used in general surgery are;
Gallbladder Diseases
Today, laparoscopy is standard in all surgeries performed regarding gallbladder diseases. It is accepted as an application. Unless it is necessary in the world, open surgery is not performed in gallbladder surgeries, and surgical procedures are performed using the laparoscopy method.
Appendicitis Treatment
As in the gallbladder treatment, laparoscopy may be preferred in appendicitis surgeries.
>Reflux Disease and Stomach Hernias
Another disease for which laparoscopy is applied is reflux disease. Reflux disease is a disease that occurs when stomach contents leak back into the esophagus and manifests itself as burning and sourness in the stomach and chest. This disease, which also causes complaints such as bitter water in the mouth, can be treated by Laparoscopy. Likewise, stomach hernia diseases (hiatal hernia) can also be treated with laparoscopy.
Colon, Rectum, Stomach and Intra-Abdominal Cancers
Laparoscopy is used in gastric cancers, especially lymphoma, pancreatic cancer. It is a method that has a very high diagnostic value in spleen, gallbladder and liver cancers, and cancers originating from the colon or rectum. In fact, in these cases, some interventions for treatment purposes can be performed through laparoscopy.
Inguinal Hernia and Other Abdominal Hernias
In today's conditions, inguinal hernia surgeries can only be performed with the Laparoscopic method, by entering through 3 holes. Especially in bilateral hernias, it is an important advantage to be able to treat both sides through the same incision. Laparoscopic method may also be preferred for hernias that have been operated on but recur. It is also possible to provide laparoscopic treatment for hernias occurring in previous surgery sites, other hernias occurring in the abdominal region and umbilical hernias.
Obesity (Fat). (Health Surgery)
Obesity of a quality and extent that threatens health is called obesity. This disease, which has become a problem for many people in today's conditions, can be treated with laparoscopy becoming a common treatment method. Surgeries such as stomach tubing, reduction and by-pass can be performed by laparoscopic method.
Acute Abdominal Pain
Although laparoscopy is not a routine treatment, it is widely used in the diagnosis of many gynecological diseases and provides surgical solutions. It is preferred because it also offers options. Acute abdominal pain is pain that begins suddenly without any reason, manifests itself with particularly severe pain, but has very weak physical examination findings. However, there is no definitive information about the cause of pain in the first stage, and if laparoscopy is performed, the real and definitive cause of acute pain can be revealed.
Liver Tumors
80-90% of liver tumors are superficial. . With the laparoscopy method, it is possible to visualize more than two-thirds of the liver surface.
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