It was first defined as Kawasaki Syndrome in 1967, and since 2000, it was understood that it was not a syndrome and the definition of Kawasaki Disease was accepted.
Kawasaki; Fever
Rash
It is a disease characterized by vasculitis. It is seen in the childhood age group. It is rare in adults. The most common age is 6 months-5 years, and it is rare in children younger than 6 months. The incidence varies by country. In the USA, it is reported that there are 4000 to 5500 new cases per year. In our country, data appear to be insufficient. The only data is from 2009, and although it has been reported that 30 new cases have been identified annually, it is thought that Kawasaki Disease is more common. In pediatric patients presenting with persistent fever, the diagnosis is not considered at the beginning and laboratory tests are not specific, so the picture is mostly It is often missed and some patients consult a doctor with developing complications. The incubation period is unknown.
The causative agent is the virus or toxins due to previous bacterial infection. The disease is seen in certain seasons, in winter and spring. It may progress in the form of epidemics. The incidence of the disease is high in the siblings of sick children. All these data suggest that the disease is an infectious disease and in some cases there may be a genetic predisposition.
Clinical Findings of Kawasaki Disease;< br /> Fever,
Non-inflammatory conjunctival hemorrhage,
Redness of the lips and oral mucosa,
Enlargement of the lymph nodes in the neck,
Rash,
Swelling and rash in the hands and feet.
The main finding is fever. Kawasaki should be considered if 4 of the 5 findings I mentioned above are present along with fever. All of the findings may not be present at the same time and they may occur during the follow-up of the patients. It is important to carefully monitor a patient whose fever continues and evaluate the developing findings.
Apart from these findings;
Urethritis
Uveitis,
Arthritis
Redness at the BCG vaccination site
Gallbladder hydrops
Peeling in the perianal area
Deterioration in liver function tests may be observed.
Diagnostic. There is no specific laboratory method. erythrocytes An increase in edimentation rate and CRP level may be observed. The platelet count is high, sterile pyuria may be detected. Fever in Kawasaki disease lasts 12 days in undiagnosed cases and the fever subsides spontaneously. This disease, which causes widespread vasculitis, may develop serious complications if left untreated.
Coronary artery disorders are very important. Aneurysms develop in the coronary vessels in 20% of untreated cases. Patients who have had Kawasaki have a high risk of arterio sclerotic heart disease. Adults who had this disease in childhood may experience infarction at an early age. Is this risk present in treated cases? It is difficult to answer this question. A child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease should have ECHO checks every 6 months. In cases where complications develop, an appropriate treatment approach should be planned.
Kawasaki disease is a common infectious vasculitis. The main symptom is fever. Mucosal and skin findings are added to this picture. Diagnosis often cannot be made in patients with Kawasaki. The diversity of the clinical picture and the non-specificity of laboratory findings cause the diagnosis to be overlooked. If the disease heals spontaneously, complications can be severe and fatal.
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