EMG is the abbreviation of the term electromyography. Also called electroneuromyography (ENMG). EMG examination is a set of tests including nerve and muscle examinations. Nerve conduction examination is the process of measuring the speed of electrical propagation on the nerve. Thus, it can be understood whether the motor and sensory nerves are performing their functions or whether there is a loss of function in any body part.
Needle EMG is a muscle examination in which the electrical activity that enables the muscles to contract is monitored and interpreted.
EMG. and nerve conduction examinations are used to diagnose anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, nerve roots, nerve networks, terminal nerves, neuromuscular junction and muscle diseases, respectively. It is often used to measure the extent of damage to the nerves and muscles in waist and neck hernias, painful conditions caused by compression of the terminal nerves at certain points, sensory deficits, arm and leg weakness in some cases, hand and foot numbness, limited or widespread muscle wasting.
It is always necessary to examine more than one nerve and muscle in a body area. Sometimes, examinations that seem limited and planned to be short-term can be expanded according to the data obtained during the application. Although it is difficult to talk about a standard examination time in EMG, since separate examination plans are applied for each patient according to his disease, this period can extend from 10 minutes to 1.5 hours.
Nerve conduction studies in EMG create a pinprick sensation in patients, However, it can be easily tolerated by patients. In needle EMG studies, since the muscles are entered with a very thin needle, the procedure creates some pain.
Diseases in which EMG examinations are used;
- Waist and cervical disc herniations
- Nerve compression
- Congenital nerve injuries
- Nerve injuries and cuts
- Polyneuropathies (nerve end inflammations)
- Motor neuron diseases
- Before nerve and spinal cord surgeries
- Muscle diseases: Myopathies, Muscular dystrophies
- Myastania Gravis
p>- Gullian Barre and other demyelinating diseases
- Thoracic out let syndromes
- Vasculitis
- Multiple sclerosis
Things to do before coming to EMG:On a full stomach, with plenty of space to easily plaster arms and legs. It is sufficient to come with clothes.
What is EEG?
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a test that displays and records the electrical activity of the brains of patients with epilepsy and suspicious seizure disorders. The purpose of EEG is to make a differential diagnosis in epilepsy, to support and classify the current epilepsy diagnosis, to investigate focal brain lesions and to monitor epilepsy patients.
EEG is the electrical activity produced by nerve cells in the brain both during wakefulness and sleep on paper. It is printed as brain waves.
In what situations is EEG performed?
The normal electrical activity of the brain is disrupted in many cases, especially epilepsy. By evaluating the brain waves that make up the EEG, information is obtained about the location and form of this disorder.
EEG disorder is at rates of up to 30% in the society. These data show the importance of clinical findings and seizure history in the relationship between epilepsy and EEG discharge. There is a slight possibility of seizures in the future in these people.
Changes are seen in the EEG in brain infections such as encephalitis. In patients with fever and impaired consciousness, EEG is especially informative on this issue. Unique features can also be seen on EEG in herpes encephalitis. Some changes are also seen in the EEG in patients with dementia.
How is an EEG taken?
The electrical activity of the brain is measured by a small metal plate placed on the patient's scalp. It is transmitted to the EEG device via electrodes and the data is recorded on the computer for an average of 20 minutes.
There is no electricity applied to the patient during the recording and the patient does not feel any pain.
In order to obtain a quality recording without interference. The patient should keep his eyes closed, keep his jaw and neck muscles relaxed, and remain as still as possible during the shooting, unless otherwise requested.
The patient is asked to breathe deeply during the 3 minutes of the shooting, and to look at the light source intermittently for the 10 minutes of the shooting.
Why is EEG taken during sleep?
Sleep helps reveal abnormal electrical activity in the brain. For the diagnosis of epilepsy, in cases where EEG performed for 20 minutes while awake does not provide sufficient information, EEG is performed during sleep for 3-4 hours during the day.
Coming to the Shooting
It is useful to wash the hair on the morning of the shooting day in order to ensure that the EEG examination is free of interference.
If there are medications that are used constantly, the medications continue to be used on the shooting day. It would be appropriate to inform the physician who will evaluate the EEG about this.
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