What is sports?
Sports; In short, it is movement. It is all of the activities performed in a certain order, which exercise the body's structures that enable movement, such as muscles and joints
Information about the organs that work the hardest and are injured the most during sports
Can you give it?
Soft tissues such as muscles, tendons, joint capsule and cartilage are under load
and are injured the most. Besides these; Bones and internal organ injuries are also seen during severe trauma.
What causes sports injuries and which are the dangerous sports?
We can divide the causes of injuries into 2:
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1) Personal reasons:
Among personal reasons; "weak muscle and bone structure, disorder in body
anatomy, previous injuries and surgeries, existing in the body
chronic diseases and infection, psychological problems, compatible with sports style
Incompatible age and gender, not having sufficient knowledge about the sport to be done"
.
2) Environmental reasons:
Environmental reasons; "Inadequate sports and training techniques, bad materials used and worn, non-compliance with the rules, lack of suitable ground and weather conditions".
The most common cause of injury is leading spores; These are team and contact sports such as football, American football, basketball, wrestling. To these; We can add automobile and
motorcycle races and high-speed skiing sports, which are not common in our country.
What should be taken into consideration before and after starting sports?
First of all, a health must be screened. Afterwards, regular health
checks are required. Before starting sports, warm up and stretching exercises should be done for 15-20 minutes. takes it. One should have knowledge about the sport branch to be performed and
appropriate clothing, shoes and equipment should be used. If symptoms such as extreme fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, dry mouth occur, the exercise should be stopped. Sportive
After the activity is over, cool-down exercises should be done for 10-15 minutes.
Is it possible to do sports at all ages?
Yes, it is possible and necessary to do sports at all ages. While people's daily
physical activities were 92% in the 19th century, it has fallen below 30%
in today's developed societies. This situation; It causes many problems such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and psychological problems. In the preschool age group (0-6 years), a healthy child is already active. Starting from the age of 6, the child should be prevented from spending hours in front of the computer or television at home or at school.
Is physical activity (sports) beneficial for children and how should it be?
Yes it is useful. First of all, they will be healthier and fitter, and their growth and development will be positively affected. They will have the chance to better control their body movements and develop their natural abilities. They will be able to cope more easily with problems such as tension, restlessness, aggression and
depression. Children who are self-confident and able to communicate healthily with their environment will emerge.
Sports to be done; It should not harm the child and should be appropriate for the age group. Excessive loads while bone and
muscle development is continuing can cause injuries, fractures, and menstrual disorders in girls
. 5-7 years old; While individual activities such as running, climbing, swimming, dance-folklore
are highlighted, as age increases, more and more Activities that require strength and energy should be started gradually. What should not be forgotten is;
The child should adopt and love the sport he/she does, practice the sport amateurishly and avoid overload
What changes occur in the organism with age and what kind of Is it more appropriate to do sports
?
Nowadays; We describe the age between 40-65 as middle age, the age between 65-75 as retirement period, the age between 75-
85 as advanced old age, and the age over 85 as very old age.
With age: 1) Increasing losses in brain and nerve cells; It causes balance,
coordination disorders and slowing down of movements. 2) Loss of vision and hearing delays instantaneous reactions. 3) Loss of muscle and bone mass, decreased flexibility in soft tissues; It results in arm injuries and the inability to perform difficult movements. 4) Decreased capacity in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems brings with it weakness and rapid fatigue
. Looking at all this; The middle age group can easily do activities such as tennis, swimming, running,
cycling, while the retired and older age group
on the other hand; We can say that swimming and walking are the best sports.
What can be said about walking and running?
Walking is a sport for all ages, and a person travels approximately 200,000 km during his life.
He walks 5 times the circumference of the Earth. The most important points while walking: appropriate time,
appropriate ground, appropriate clothing and shoes. In the first half of middle age; 5 days a week
1 hour (about 5 km) walk is sufficient, while for older ages, 3-4 days a week,
30-45 minute walks will be appropriate. Walking ground; hard if possible
There shouldn't be any, it should be flexible and flat. Sportswear suitable for the season should be complemented by quality sports shoes that absorb impacts and grip the feet well. Sports
shoes; It should be changed every 500-600 km. While running; It would be appropriate to choose a speed of 7-8 km, i.e.
a light pace, and increase the speed and distance by 10% every week
Sports What are the injuries:
Various injuries to the musculoskeletal system occur, especially in those who do contact sports.
Muscle tendon injuries; Muscle crush, tears in muscle fibers and tendon ruptures (Achilles tendon ruptures, shoulder rotator muscle ruptures, quadriceps tendon ruptures, tendon ruptures in the groin, hamstring muscle ruptures on the back of the thigh)
Ligament injuries; As a result of sprains and rotations in the joints
stretching, stretching and ruptures in the ligaments (ankle sprain and ligament injuries,
inner side, outer side and cruciate ligament injuries of the knee)
Fractures and dislocations; In contact sports, various bone fractures and dislocations develop depending on the severity of the trauma, its direction and the way it falls (Shoulder, elbow and finger dislocations, collarbone, wrist, ankle, hand and foot Metatarsal bones, elbow area
Fractures are encountered in the bones and the bones around the knee.
If there is a sports injury, what should be the immediate approach, what is the definitive diagnosis
Should it be given?
First aid for sports injuries:
First aid for sports injuries is the procedure given at the scene. First aid is usually given by people around
or masseurs. Sports Any athlete who is injured in the field
must be approached consciously, otherwise a worse undesirable
result� Things may develop. The injured athlete should be taken out of the sports field in an appropriate manner
(such as being carried on a stretcher).
The injured area is placed in a resting position and ice treatment should be started immediately to prevent edema.
. Ice should not come into direct contact with the skin and should be applied for 10-15 minutes. Ice treatment can be applied 5-6 times a day with 2 hour intervals. Then
compression with a bandage or splint should be applied depending on the injured area, especially in lower
extremity injuries, the leg should be raised high (to heart level).
After first aid, the injured athlete should be given appropriate He/she should be taken to a center and examined and examined by an Orthopedic and
Traumatologist.
Pain, swelling, limitation of movement, abrasions, ecchymosis in the area of sports injury
findings can be seen.
Imaging procedures are performed for a definitive diagnosis. For fractures and dislocations, direct radiography or
computed tomography examination is performed, and for soft tissue injuries, magnetic resonance
or ultrasound examination is performed.
Definitive treatment of sports injuries:
Conservative or surgical treatment is performed depending on the severity, damage and location of the sports injury.
Conservative treatment; The extremity is rested with bandage, splint, circular cast, orthosis.
Painkillers and edema relieving medications are given.
Physical therapy; After the acute situation passes, muscle strengthening and movement stimulating exercise programs can be performed. In athletes who have undergone surgical treatment, physical therapy is performed after the surgery.
Surgical treatment; Some sports injuries (fractures and dislocations with necessary indication) are treated surgically. Intra-articular injuries are treated arthroscopically (meniscus injuries, cruciate ligament ruptures, cartilage lesions). With closed (
arthroscopic) methods; It is possible to clearly view the intra-articular structures on the screen and intervene. The damage to the patient is less and the recovery time is faster. Tendon injuries are also repaired surgically.
What is a meniscus tear?
Before answering the question of what a meniscus tear is, it is necessary to understand what the meniscus is
.
Menisci are cartilaginous structures located inside the knee joint to reduce the friction between the thigh and shin bones
and to transfer the body load into the knee
. They resemble the letter C in shape; There are two of them inside the knee joint, one inside and one outside
.
Meniscus tears occur in two different ways. In the younger group, tearing may occur after a trauma
that is, after a blow. Also, in the elderly group, simple twists and sprains on the knee may occur as a result of the weakening and aging of the meniscus structures, just as all the structures in our body
wear out.
The destruction of the knee joint cartilage in the elderly group and the emergence of the condition we call calcification among the public increase the load on the meniscus. The meniscus, which has already lost its structural properties
, becomes tearable with very simple blows
.
What are the symptoms of meniscus tears?
When meniscus tears occur, patients usually feel a sudden pain, stinging or tearing. Depending on which meniscus is torn, the pain is more pronounced on the inner or outer part of the knee. Within a few hours
swelling occurs in the knee joint due to fluid or blood accumulation in the knee. It is usually
possible to step on the injured knee, but there is limping and athletes often have to quit the sport
. If the injury is severe, meniscus tears may be accompanied by ruptures of the cruciate or lateral ligaments of the knee joint. In this case, symptoms such as a feeling of insecurity and emptiness in the knee may also occur.
Sometimes ruptured menis
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