Preeclampsia, which affects 2-5% of pregnancies, is defined as one of the most important causes of maternal and infant deaths. Hypertension, which occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy, is characterized by protein leakage in the urine and edema. It is often accompanied by developmental delay and oligohydramnios (decrease in the amount of fluid) due to inadequate development of the placenta in the baby.
If the disease develops before the 32nd week of gestation, it is considered early, and if it develops later, it is considered late pregnancy poisoning. In case of blood pressure values of 160/100, deterioration in liver functions, decrease in platelet counts, and development of kidney failure, the situation is considered as severe preeclampsia. The syndrome progresses within hours and can lead to uncontrolled hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, premature separation of the placenta, and loss of the baby in the womb, which threatens the life of the mother. The development of epilepsy-like seizures in 1% of patients is called eclampsia. Eclampsia is one of the most important emergencies in gynecology practice. Especially the early detection and prevention of early pregnancy poisoning (preeclampsia) is one of the most important issues for gynecologists and obstetricians all over the world today.
Symptoms:
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Headache
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Visual disturbances (especially blurred vision) or blindness
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Changes in consciousness
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Shortness of breath
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Edema
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Severe pain above the stomach or in the upper right part of the abdomen
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Extreme fatigue and weakness
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Involuntary contractions, seizure
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Hypertension developing from the second half of pregnancy.
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Protein in the urine.
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Edema formation in the body.
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Decrease in oxygenation.
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Renal failure due to hypertension.
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Impairment in liver functions.
TREATMENT:
The treatment of preeclampsia is birth. Since the substances released from the underdeveloped placenta play a role in the basis of the disease, the removal of the placenta from the body can cause a few days of complications. It causes the pain to ease and improve. Especially in preeclampsia, which develops very early, an attempt is made to gain time for corticosteroid administration to accelerate lung maturation between 24-32 weeks, when the baby is extremely premature. During this period, the mother is usually hospitalized and monitored very closely, magnesium sulfate treatment is started to prevent the development of eclampsia, and antihypertensive treatment is prescribed. Since magnesium has a neuroprotective effect, 1500 gr. It reduces the rates of cerebral palsy in babies under age.
PREVENTION:
12-16 weeks of pregnancy. Preeclampsia risk assessment can be made between weeks. There are studies showing that the use of aspirin until the 32nd week of gestation can reduce preeclampsia rates in patients with high risk predicted by mean blood pressure, serum hormone levels and uterine artery Doppler measurements.
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