Female Genital system infections are divided into two: lower genital system and upper genital system infections.
Lower genital system infections: Vulva (outer lips), Vagen< It includes inflammations of the strong>(reservoir), cervix, urethra(urinary tract).
Vulvar Infections
Itching or burning sensation in the vulva is seen in 10% of patients presenting for gynecological examination. Diseases that cause itching, infection, ulcer (wound) in the vulva:
Vulvar Lice and Scabies: It is transmitted through sexual or non-sexual close contact. In addition, sharing towels or sheets is also contagious. Widespread and severe itching in the pubic region (groin) as well as maculopapular lesions are observed. The diagnosis is made by examination and is easily treated with appropriate medication (creams and shampoos).
Molluscum Contagiosum: It is a benign infection caused by the Pox virus. . It is transmitted through sexual or non-sexual close contact or spontaneous (autoinoculation). It contains 1-5 mm dome-shaped papules with a depression in the middle on the vulva. Diagnosis is made by microscopic examination with a biopsy taken from the nodule. In fact, the diagnosis can be made by seeing the waxy material squeezed by the doctor during the examination. It is treated with special solutions or cautery or cryo.
Condyloma Acuminata: This disease, which we call genital warts, can be seen not only in the vulva but also in the vagina and cervix. This disease, which is caused by the HPV virus (human papilloma virus) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. This virus is also associated with squamous cancer and adenocarcinoma. It is most common between the ages of 15-25. People who are pregnant, have diabetes and whose immune system is under pressure are at risk. Warts are pedicled lesions that vary in size and formation on the mucosa or skin surface. When very widespread and adjacent, it exhibits a cauliflower appearance. Diagnosis is made by visual examination, microscopic examination with biopsy taken from the wart, and HPV-related changes in the smear taken from the cervix. DNA typing can be done.
Treatment:virusu t It is not possible to completely eradicate it from the body. However, warts are treated symptomatically by using acidic solution (applied by the doctor), podiphylline cream or lesions with cautery & cryo.
Genital Ulcers (Wounds)
Genital Herpes: The causative agent of genital herpes, also known as herpes, is Herpes Simplex type II.
This sexually transmitted virus has a recurring character and causes genital sores. It may be accompanied by systemic findings other than genital sores and may cause fever and fatigue in the patient. The lesions are usually numerous and in the form of vesicles (small sacs with water inside). Vesicles are not deep and painful. It usually shows a tendency to merge. The findings appear for 2 weeks. It reaches its highest level at the end of a week. Then, by limiting itself, it heals without leaving a scar. Lesions may recur in cases where the immune system is suppressed. Diagnosis is made visually during examination. Treatment is provided with oral antiviral tablets and local cream. It is not possible to completely destroy the virus.
Granuloma inguinale: The causative agent is a bacterium and causes chronic ulcerative lesions in the vulva. It is mostly seen in people living in tropical regions. It is not very contagious and can develop with or without sexual contact. Symptoms begin with a nodule (meat mole) and then turn into a painless ulcer with a red flesh color that merges with each other. Diagnosis is made by microscopic examination following biopsy. Its treatment is surgical removal of the lesion and antibiotics.
Lymphogranuloma Venerum: It is an infection caused by Chlamydia in the lymph tissue. It is 4-5 times more common in men than in women. First, a painless ulcer occurs in the genital area. It goes away on its own. After 1-4 weeks, painful swelling occurs in the lymph nodes. Diagnosis is made by biopsy. Treatment is done with surgery and antibiotics.
Chancroid (Soft chancre): It is an acute sexually transmitted infection. It is more common in developing countries. It is 5-10 times more common in men than in women. This infection facilitates the transmission of HIV (AIDS). Although it is very contagious, it can only pass through damaged skin and mucosa. First a little It starts as a papule. Then it bleeds and turns into a wound. The wounds are superficial, have unclear borders and are very painful. Later, swelling and inflammation may occur in the groin lymph nodes. Diagnosis is made by culture. The treatment is antibiotics.
Syphilis: It is a chronic disease known as syphilis. Although its symptoms are very severe, it is a moderately contagious disease. The causative agent is Treponema pallidum, which is transmitted sexually. The risk of having sexual contact with an infected patient is 10%. Syphilis has many non-gynecological symptoms. The microbe can pass through skin and mucosal surfaces. The first finding is a single hard, painless wound. This wound can be seen on the vulva (outer lip), vagina (reservoir) or cervix. If it is located in the vagina or cervix, it may not be noticed, especially since it is painless. This wound will heal spontaneously. Within 6 weeks to 6 months, the microbe spreads to the body through the blood. Maculopapular (mole-like) lesions on the hands and soles of the feet and the formation of raised grayish plaque (condyloma lata) from the skin on the vulva. These lesions are usually painless, but may be accompanied by painful lymph node enlargement. These lesions heal spontaneously within 2-6 weeks. If the patient is not treated, the microbe continues to live hidden in the body for 2 to 20 years. Skin findings may recur from time to time. Third stage findings develop in one third of untreated patients. These may be cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal involvement, nervous system involvement and fatal aortic aneurysm.
- Diagnosis: It is made by examining the sample taken from the lesion under a microscope and special blood tests.
- Treatment:It is a treatment with penicillin and alternative antibiotics.
Read: 0
