Atherosclerotic plaque grows into the vessel and prevents blood flow within the vessel, so that sufficient blood cannot reach the tissues. Treatment by various means using catheters, especially balloons or stents, through the vessels in an angiography environment without open surgery is called endovascular treatment. During balloon angioplasty, a thin balloon placed inside the vein under X-ray is inflated, widening the vein in the narrow area and thus allowing more blood flow to the tissues. There are balloons of many different diameters and lengths.
There are also balloons that vary depending on the pressure created inside the balloons. Some balloons have special shapes and cutting features. There are also special balloons coated with drugs that will prevent the vessels from narrowing. Stents, on the other hand, are network-shaped structures woven from a cylindrical metal material, and they either have an established mechanism that opens inside the vessel by itself, or they are placed into the narrow vessel by inflating a balloon inside them, helping to keep the vessel open. Stents can be of different shapes, lengths, diameters and structures. There are also special cents coated with drugs that will prevent the narrowing of the vessels. Stents are placed either after balloon angioplasty or together with balloon angioplasty. Balloon angioplasty and stent are often applied when there is stenosis in the vessel. However, it can also be applied in case of blockages.
Peripheral Atherectomy
Peripheral atherectomy is the mechanical removal of the atherosclerotic plaque that creates stenosis or obstruction in the artery by mechanically shaving off. Atherectomy is a particularly preferred procedure in patients with knee artery occlusion, concomitant heart, kidney or lung diseases, or in cases where the risk of surgery is high due to advanced age. Atherectomy is preferred to open almost complete stenosis at the knee and below-knee levels. The aim of this procedure is to increase the chance of success and patency of the drug-coated balloon treatment by providing sufficient patency in the vein. It can also be used to open narrowed or blocked vessels after atherectomy, balloon angioplasty or stenting.
The procedure is performed under sedation, usually with local anesthesia in the groin area. Work The catheters required for the procedure are advanced into the vein using a wide vascular access (sheath) placed in the artery. After the angiography, the vessels to be operated on are displayed. After the stenosis is passed with guide wires and true lumen passage catheters, the catheter of the atherectomy device is advanced and operated to the area where the stenosis or obstruction is located. The device usually has a rotating head and opens the vein by shaving it. Depending on the type of device used during the procedure, the residues are either withdrawn from the catheter or thoroughly thawed and aspirated from the circulation. Atherectomy is usually completed by balloon angioplasty or stenting. After the procedure, control angiography is taken. The procedure is terminated by removing the installed catheters. The procedure usually takes 1-3 hours. Patients can be discharged on the same day after the procedure or, depending on the situation, they only spend that night in the hospital.
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