Diseases in the heart valves are largely caused by rheumatic heart disease. Apart from this, it may be congenital, structural disorders of the valves, enlargement of the heart cavities, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory diseases may also cause valve disease. Mitral stenosis is a heart valve disease that develops after acute rheumatic fever, which is a childhood disease that develops after recurrent throat infections, affects the heart valves and causes symptoms later in life. Mitral stenosis is the narrowing of one of the four valves in our heart (mitral valve in medical terms), making it difficult for blood to pass from one chamber in the heart to another. In mitral stenosis, there is difficulty in the passage of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The disease progresses without revealing itself for a long period of time. It may cause fatigue, weakness, palpitations and shortness of breath in patients. Rarely, it may present with sudden paralysis. The diagnosis can be made incidentally by hearing a heart murmur during any physician's examination. As the severity of the stenosis increases, the symptoms of the disease become more evident.
While drug treatment is sufficient in cases where the stenosis is mild, in cases where the stenosis progresses and symptoms of the disease appear, two different types of treatment emerge: open heart surgery and mitral balloon valvuloplasty. Balloon expansion applied to the mitral valve. 3 After a while, the plastic pipe system placed in the groin is removed and a sandbag is placed on the attempted area, applying pressure for a while, and the patient is placed on bed rest. After the procedure, the majority of patients can be discharged the next day.
As with any minor medical intervention, this procedure also has risks, albeit low. These risks are related to your overall health, the severity of heart disease, and your age. Some important risks are listed below, but unforeseen problems that are not on this list may also arise during and after the transaction.
During the procedure or within the first 12 hours, the following undesirable events may occur:
1- A serious tear may occur in the lid and repair the tear. Heart surgery may be required to remove it.
2- Permanent serious hole formation between the small heart chambers (atria)
3- Rupture of the large heart chamber (left ventricle)
4- Emergency heart surgery may be required
5- There is a possibility of death.
6- There may be bleeding in the groin area.
7- A stroke may develop, which may lead to loss of function and permanent disability in one half of the body.
8- A heart attack may develop.
If mitral balloon treatment is not performed, the valve stenosis will continue to progress. There is no drug treatment that will stop or reverse this disease. Problems such as increased shortness of breath, inability to sleep at night due to shortness of breath, paralysis due to clot formation in the heart and its travel to the brain, enlargement of the heart, swelling in the legs and abdomen, and missing the stage of surgery and balloon treatment will arise. If it is later decided to have mitral valve balloon expansion treatment, you can come to our cardiology clinic and make an appointment and have your procedure done on the given date.
Before the development of mitral valve balloon expansion, treatment was performed with open heart surgery. With the open heart surgery method, the narrowed areas in the valve can be opened manually or the patient's valve can be replaced with a metal valve. Surgery has certain risks and complications, and if a metallic cap is placed, there may be complications. However, after the mitral balloon valvuloplasty procedure was developed, surgical enlargement of the valve is very rarely performed.
The lifestyle changes you need to make after mitral balloon treatment will be explained by your doctor when you are discharged. These generally include avoiding fatty foods, physical exercise, weight control and quitting smoking.
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