Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. Although the underlying cause is not fully known, excess production of male hormones in the ovaries, increase in insulin levels and genetic factors are thought to play a role. The risk is higher in people with a family history of polycystic ovary syndrome. However, the prevalence of obesity today has led to an increase in the incidence of the disease. Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Specialist Dr. Pınar Şişman gave information about the subject.
Polycystic ovary syndrome often begins in adolescence. Irregular menstrual bleeding, increased facial and body hair, and acne are among the clinical findings. The disease reduces fertility by reducing or preventing ovulation. When pregnant, it may cause high blood sugar and blood pressure, miscarriage or premature birth during pregnancy. It can lead to fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and hypertension. The incidence of sleep apnea, depression, anxiety and eating disorders has increased in patients.
The disease is diagnosed by hormonal tests. However, blood sugar, cholesterol and blood fat measurements may be required in risky patients. In ultrasonographic evaluation, many cysts containing unhatched eggs are found in the ovaries of patients due to the absence of ovulation for a long time. Although this appearance may occur in healthy people, it is not an absolute requirement for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary disease.
A healthy and balanced diet is recommended for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. However, overweight patients should lose weight with a low-calorie diet. Lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise, can prevent the development of diabetes by preventing insulin resistance. A 5-10% decrease in body weight may sometimes be sufficient alone to ensure menstrual regularity.
Medical treatment is arranged according to the patient's complaints and physical examination findings. The patient's desire to have a child in the near future is important in choosing treatment. Medical treatment is beneficial in maintaining menstrual regularity, preventing hair growth, and preventing health problems that it may cause in the long term.
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