Any event that occurs in the vertebrae, discs and soft tissues of the waist can cause low back pain.
Back pain is one of the most important reasons that restrict the daily activities of the individual today. It is known that approximately 80% of the population around the world experiences at least one episode of low back pain at some point in their lives.
We can categorize the causes of low back pain into 2 large groups.
1-Musculoskeletal system. diseases
2-Spine diseases
1-Musculoskeletal System Diseases
The majority of low back pain falls into this group. It mostly occurs with minor damage to the muscles, connective tissue or joints. The term "myofascial pain syndrome" (popularly referred to as lupus) is used for the clinical picture caused by excessive stretching and injury of muscles and soft tissues. Other musculoskeletal system problems that cause low back pain include poor and incorrect body posture, shortness of one leg, psychosocial factors such as smoking and stress, as they cause low oxygenation of the vertebrae and cartilages in the waist.
2-Spine. Diseases
Diseases in this group are proportionally less common than musculoskeletal system diseases. The disorders that most commonly cause low back pain in this group are: herniated discs (lumbar disc herniations), wear of disc tissue (degenerative disc disease), waist slippage (lumbar spondylolisthesis), narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal (lumbar stenosis). Apart from these, collapses due to tumors, infection, trauma, and osteoporosis, which are much less common but serious disorders of the spine, can be listed.
The treatment for low back pain should be determined according to the cause of the pain and the location of the disease.
Treatment for acute low back pain
* In low back pain caused by excessive stretching of muscles and soft tissues or minor injuries (Mechanical low back pain), painkillers, muscle relaxants and short-term bed rest alone are sufficient in most cases.
Low pain due to trauma and infection: If there is weakness in the legs and/or inability to voluntarily urinate and defecate due to pressure on the nerves, instability (abnormal mobility) in the spine, surgical intervention should be performed, and if the cause is infection, additional antibiotic treatment should be given.
Low pain due to tumor:
If there are complaints of weakness in the legs and/or inability to voluntarily urinate and defecate due to nerve compression, or if it causes instability (abnormal mobility) in the spine, surgical intervention may be performed and radiotherapy may be performed according to tissue diagnosis. -chemotherapy is recommended.
If there is no sign of pressure on the nerves, surgical intervention and/or radiation therapy and chemotherapy should be performed, depending on the situation, after first determining the type of tumor by biopsy.
Herniated disc, slipped disc, Low back pain due to spinal stenosis:
If there are complaints of weakness in the legs and/or inability to voluntarily urinate and defecate due to nerve compression, if there is instability (abnormal mobility) in the spine, surgical intervention is absolutely necessary. Although there are no neurological findings such as loss of strength, if the patients' quality of life is affected due to long-lasting pain, pain alone may be the reason for surgical intervention. When choosing the surgical intervention method, each patient should be evaluated individually and the appropriate technique should be selected for that patient.
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