Aphasia, an important type among language disorders, is seen due to damage to specific areas in the occipital, temporal and frontal lobes in the left hemisphere. Inability to read is manifested in occipital lobe damage, inability to understand speech is manifested in temporal lobe damage, and inability to formulate speech and write is manifested in frontal lobe damage.
Aphasia classification is based on the strong and weak characteristics of the language components the person has. According to repetition, naming, reading comprehension, reading and writing performance, aphasia is basically divided into two as arrested and fluent.
FLUENT APHASIA TYPES
WERNICKE'S APHASIA
Speech is fluent, paraphasic and complex. He speaks in quantity and quickly (dominant speech). The intelligibility of spoken language is abnormal. Auditory comprehension is affected.
Repetitions include paraphasic distortions of words given by the therapist. Naming abilities of this type are abnormal.
CONDUCTION APHASIA
Language comprehension is good. Errors due to adding sounds to words, changing sounds, or choosing the wrong sound are observed in speech. The patient has error awareness. Remediation efforts are unsuccessful. Auditory comprehension is affected. Using and repeating the given verbal cues is weak.
TRANSCORTICAL SENSORY APHASIA
It develops due to the deterioration of the connection between the language field and the conceptual field. Although it is similar to Wernicke's aphasia in terms of symptoms, its recurrent feature is preserved. Their ability to read aloud, write and understand is impaired. They cannot understand what people say to them. Their auditory comprehension is affected.
ASPIRATE APHASIA TYPES
BROCHA'S APHASIA
Due to the difficulty in naming, their speech is slow and requires a lot of effort. Understanding verbal language is much better than producing it. Auditory comprehension is good. Writing is severely impaired, reading is moderately impaired.
TRANSCORTICAL MOTOR APHASIA
This language disorder can be described as a recovered form of Brocha type aphasia, but speech is not fluent. Receives verbal cues. There is a naming problem. Initiating speaking and writing is problematic. Understanding and repeating spoken language is normal.
GLOBAL APHASIA
There are serious comprehension and production problems. It includes the lack/absence of speech in arrested aphasia as well as comprehension impairments in fluent aphasia. Repetition is weak, it is a form of language disorder with stereotypic word usage.
OTHER LANGUAGE DISORDERS SEEN IN ADULTS
DEMENTIA
Language, memory, personality, cognition ( It is the decrease in intellectual functions due to disorders in at least three mental activities such as concept, perception). The most common problem in dementing diseases such as Alzheimer's is remembering the names of objects or people. All dementias are caused by brain damage (MS, viral causes).
RIGHT HEMISPHERE FUNCTION DISORDERS
These people have perception and orientation problems. Symptoms such as anasognosia, neglecting the left side, difficulty in recognizing objects or faces, decreased spatial cognition between objects, and hearing dysfunctions may be observed.
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