Fistula may develop after abscesses occurring around the anus. Seven or eight types of fistulas can be seen. Varieties such as horseshoe fistula, submucous fistula, and extrasphincteric fistula can be seen. It is a disease characterized by one or more bird's eye-like holes around the anus and inflammation coming from these holes.
The fistula has an external hole around the anus and an internal hole within the intestine. Between these two holes there is a path like the grain of a tree. From time to time, when the external hole is closed, swelling, pain, redness and fever may occur in that area, and when the external hole is opened, the patient's complaints disappear. Symptoms may include pain around the anus, purulent discharge, itching, wetness and bad smell in summer.
Fistula occurs as a result of the abscess formed around the anus opening spontaneously or being opened (drained) by a doctor. In the diagnosis of fistula, anoscopy rectosigmoidoscopy is performed and the inner and outer holes are revealed with the help of a stylet and probe cannula. A fistula path is detected between these two holes. In complicated cases, correct diagnosis is made by performing fistulography, MRI, and Clonoscopy.
If the fistula path passes outside the muscles around the anus (which is 20%), sphincter-preserving surgery is required, which can be performed under hospital conditions.
Fissure
It is seen in the last part of the large intestine, 90% on the back side (coccyx side). The 10% is seen on the front. It is also called "crack or tear" among the public. It starts with constipation. When the patient is constipated, the last part of the large intestine may tear while going to the toilet. This is called Acute fissure. It causes symptoms such as pain, bleeding, burning after going to the toilet and itching. Swelling does not occur initially. If the patient goes to the relevant specialist and receives treatment during this period, he will fully recover within a week or 10 days. If he is late, that is; If it is delayed for more than 1-2 months, the fissure becomes chronic. We understand that it is chronic as follows; The anus is severely narrowed. There is a tearing pain while going to the toilet. Afterwards, there may be burning for 3-5 hours. Sometimes light red bleeding may be observed. Sometimes, bleeding occurs in the form of occult bleeding mixed with the stool. However, when occult bleeding in the stool is examined, it is diagnosed with (+) positive. howls Additionally, a swelling occurs at the tip of the tear, which is called a sentinel lesion (skin tag). Most of our patients apply to us because they have hemorrhoids due to this swelling. Chronic fissure may cause severe pain, burning, bleeding, itching and constipation.
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