As a result of screening studies with mammography, it has been shown that breast cancer can be detected early with mammographic screenings and deaths from breast cancer can be reduced. As a result of these developments, breast cancer screening guidelines have been published and breast cancer screening programs have been developed in various parts of the world. As a result of all these developments, breast cancer-related deaths, which had been increasing until 2000 as a result of the widespread use of screening for breast cancer with mammography, began to decrease in countries where screening was widely implemented. While the contribution of screening in this decrease is 2/3, the effect of developments in therapeutic methods is calculated as 1/3.
Imaging Methods and Screening: The effectiveness of annual screening of the female population with mammography (MG) in breast cancer has been proven. For this reason, in studies conducted in high-risk groups, the benefits/harms of delaying the duration of MG, increasing its frequency, and adding other imaging methods to MG are the subject of debate. Due to many scientific data, it is thought that the female population at high risk for breast cancer can be screened at earlier ages with MG and/or additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US).
In many countries, screening with mammography is 40 years old. It is recommended to start at the age of 10. Various studies have been conducted on the starting age of mammographic screening in the high-risk female population. Researchers recommend that screening be started before the age of 40 in cases with familial risk for breast cancer. For those who have a first-degree relative with breast cancer, which constitutes the largest subgroup, it is recommended to start screening 10 years before the age at which breast cancer is diagnosed in the first-degree relative.
There is a high risk of breast cancer in women who are known or suspected to be carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation genes. There is risk. In the absence of the BRCA mutation gene, the probability of breast cancer in women under the age of 30 is negligibly low. Therefore, the lower limit of breast cancer screening in high-risk women who are not BRCA positive has been reported as 30 years of age.
Annual mammographic screening should be continued as long as life expectancy is more than 5-7 years.
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