Asthma, COPD and Lung Cancer

Asthma affects approximately 10% of the population as a chronic childhood disease.
COPD is the 3rd cause of adult disease and death in general, and the 2nd cause of incapacity.
The risk of developing COPD in older ages in children with severe asthma is 32 times more frequent than in those without this disease. they will be.
There is no risk of developing COPD in those who had mild asthma in their childhood.

Similarities and differences between asthma and COPD

Similarities:

2 sides, chronic inflammation that causes obstruction in the airways It is a disease.
In both cases, there are shortness of breath, wheezing, breathing and cough complaints
In both cases, viral Infections (colds), cigarette smoke, air pollution, occupational dust cause exacerbations.
Diagnosis is made by 2 side spirometry (respiratory function test)

Differences:

Asthma is an obstructive reversible disease
COPD is an obstructive irreversible disease
While only the airways are affected in asthma, both the airways and parenchyma are affected in COPD.
Inflammation is different in asthma and COPD. While asthma (eosinophilic cell reaction) inflammation is observed, COPD also causes neutrophilic inflammation.
Asthma and COPD have different inflammations, so they respond differently to anti-inflammatory treatment.
Treatment is different in both diseases. (while asthma is done to suppress chronic inflammation, COPD is more to reduce symptoms.

Permanent new structures (remodeling) in the airways as a result of chronic inflammation

Long-lasting uncontrolled asthma, irreversible bronchi This leads to obstruction, which is COPD.

Bronchial smooth muscle cells The skin forms a new structure and shape as a result of chronic inflammation, (remodelin)

The relationship between COPD and Lung Cancer Is there any?

Epidemiological studies have shown that approximately 90% of patients with COPD and Lung Cancer are exposed to cigarette smoke.
10%-30% of smokers developed Lung Cancer, 20%-30% COPD.
Why do some smokers develop these complications?

Exposure to cigarettes alone is not enough to cause Lung Cancer without genetic predisposition.
Irreversible bronchial narrowing (REMODELING) in smoker COPD: It is detected by the decrease in “FEV1” in the breathing test.
in smoker. , if there is a decrease in “fev1” in the breathing test, if there is remodeling, from people who smoke but do not have “COPD” and whose “FEV1” is normal,. The risk of having Lung Cancer is 4-6 times higher.
Respiratory function test, FEV1: Lung Cancer and COPD also decrease.

In most smokers with Lung Cancer, COPD has already started.
If the smoker has a predisposition to COPD, there is also a risk of getting Lung Cancer.
If a smoker has normal lung function, the risk of Lung Cancer decreases.

What should be the strategy in COPD and Lung Cancer screening:

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Exposure to cigarettes alone is not enough to cause Lung Cancer without genetic predisposition.