Anal fistulas are abnormal structures in the form of small tunnels that develop between the last part of the intestine and the skin around the anus. It usually occurs due to an abscess that develops as a result of an infection near the anus. When the abscess drains, a small canal may remain. Anal fistula can cause unpleasant symptoms, such as discomfort and skin irritation, and does not usually heal on its own. In most cases, it must be closed surgically.
The most important cause of anal fistula is abscesses that develop around the anus. It is estimated that one in every two to four people with an anal abscess develops a fistula. Since anal fistulas usually have no chance of closing, the only treatment option is surgery.
The main purpose of the treatment of perianal fistulas is:
1. Eliminating inflammation and fistula tract
2. Preventing recurrence of fistula
3. Not to cause deterioration in gas and stool control after surgery
4. To ensure recovery as soon as possible
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are popularly known as hemorrhoids. Known hemorrhoids are physiological cushions that protrude from the anus. These pillows, which are normally found in every person and partially help us with continence (not to lose stool), somehow present a problem with hemorrhoidal disease as a result of pain, bleeding and swelling after increased pressure. Reasons for increased pressure: There may be reasons that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as excessive straining, constipation, pregnancy, some sports (horse riding, cycling, etc.), sedentary life, alcohol use and abdominal acid. Symptoms of hemorrhoids are pain, bleeding, wetness in underwear, and palpable swelling.
While it is divided into two as internal and external hemorrhoids, there are degrees of internal hemorrhoids. These are;
1. Grade 1 hemorrhoid: Bleeding is the most important complaint. Hemorrhoids are detected during rectoscopy.
2. Grade 1 hemorrhoids: Complaints of bleeding and itching are observed. It is detected during anal examination with straining.
3rd degree hemorrhoids: It is applied with complaints of bleeding, itching and a feeling of wetness in the anus. During anal examination, prolapsed hemorrhoids are seen outside the anus. Can be sent inside for examination
4. Grade 1 hemorrhoid: Complaints of bleeding, itching, discharge and pain are observed. Swellings that cannot be reduced inside are detected by examination.
Hemorrhoid treatment methods
Regulating bowel functions, eliminating underlying constipation,
Emphasis on high fiber foods in the diet, increasing daily water intake, drinking an average of 1.5-2 liters of water,
Local creams and pomades,
Surgical treatment:
Sclerotherapy
Band ligation
With the classical surgical method, hemorrhoidectomy operation is performed under general anesthesia. The average hospital stay is one day.
Laser treatment
Radiofrequency sablation (Rafaelo method)
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