Spermiogram (sperm analysis, sperm analysis, semen analysis, semen analysis) is a test to evaluate the number, shape and movement of sperm. Sperm count, the ratio of normal sperm to abnormally shaped sperm, and the amount of sperm with good motility are evaluated. In addition, characteristics of the semen sample such as quantity, pH, color, presence of leukocytes, amount of fructose, and liquefaction are evaluated. Sperm motility is examined at certain periods of time. Classification is made according to movement types.
(Semen = Ejaculate = Semen = Semen fluid)
It is done after 3 days of sexual abstinence. In order for the procedure to give accurate results, the sperm sample should be delivered to the laboratory within 1 hour at the latest, and preferably the sperm sample should be given in a place close to the laboratory. For this purpose, an area is reserved in infertility centers where you can give a sperm sample.
Sperm evaluation criteria use several different limits. Kruger criteria is an evaluation method that specifically takes into account sperm deformities. After a special staining, the sperm shape (morphology) characteristics are examined and the fertility capacity of the sperm sample is determined. In order to make an ideal decision based on the sperm analysis result, at least 2 different sperm samples taken 1 month apart should be examined. If a fertility problem is detected in the sperm analysis, further physical and hormonal examination of the man is carried out. The sperm production cycle repeats every 2-3 months. In other words, a sperm produced will be secreted into semen after 2-3 months. Likewise, harmful factors encountered by a person or beneficial drugs used for treatment can also affect sperm production within 3 months. This process should be kept in mind when evaluating semen analysis results.
Normal sperm analysis values (WHO 2010):
- Volume should be more than 1.5 ml
- Sperm concentration It must be more than 15 million/ml
- Total sperm count must be more than 39 million
- Ph must be greater than 7.2
- Total motility: It must be more than 40%
- Progressive motility: should be more than 32%
- Morphology should be more than 4% (KRUGER STRICT)
- Morphology should be more than 30% normal (WHO)
- Leukocyte 1 million/ml
- Round cells must be less than 5 million
- Viability must be more than 58%
- Immunobead agglutination (MAR test ): It should be less than 50%
- Zinc > 2.4
- Fructose >13
Important points to consider when giving sperm analysis:
The ideal is 3 -To donate sperm after a 4-day sexual abstinence. A longer period of abstinence may cause the sperm count to increase falsely and their motility to decrease. Keeping the abstinence period shorter than 3-4 days can also be deceptive as it causes the sperm count to decrease and the rate of motile sperm to increase. For this reason, you should not have ejaculated for any reason for 3-4 days before giving the sperm analysis.
- Before giving the sperm sample, the urine should be completely flushed to the toilet.
- Before giving the sperm sample, hands should be washed with soapy water and rinsed with plenty of water. and then dried.
- The sperm sample should be given by masturbation method. No lubricant (soap, saliva, oil, vaseline, etc.) or condom should be used during this process.
- The containers where the sperm sample will be given are sterile. The inside of the container and the lid should not be touched.
- All the semen coming from the penis must be put into the container. If it accidentally leaks out, it should be reported to the staff.
- The sperm sample should be delivered to the laboratory within half an hour at room temperature or at body temperature, away from sunlight.
Terms related to sperm analysis:
- OLIGOASTHENOTERATOZOOSPERMIA: It is used for sperm samples that are below normal values in terms of both motility and morphological structure.
- OLIGOTERATOZOOSPERMIA: It is used for sperm samples that are below normal values in terms of both number and morphological structure.
/> - OLIGOASTHENOSOOSPERMIA: It is used for sperm samples that are below normal values in terms of both number and motility.
- HYPERSPERMIA: Semen volume is more than normal.
- HYPOSPERMIA: Semen volume is less than normal.
- POLYSPERMIA : The number of sperm is more than 250 million.
- TERATOZOOSPERMIA: According to the Kruger criteria, it is used for sperm with normal shaped sperm count below 4%.
- ASTENOSPERMIA: The motility of the sperm is weak.
- SEVERE OLIGOSPERMIA: It is the presence of less than 5 million/ml sperm.
- OLIGOSPERMIA: It is defined as the presence of less than 20 million/mL sperm.
- AZOOSPERMIA: There is ejaculate, that is, semen, but there is no sperm in it. Detailed information >>
- NORMOZOOSPERMIA: Normal sperm in terms of number, movement and shape. ASPERMIA: It is the absence of ejaculate (semen). In the
example, there are too many dead cells.
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