It is known that it is necessary to send some stimuli to contribute to the repair process of the body's own cells. Cell-based therapies applied to patients, especially stem cells, also provide promising results in other skeletal system diseases, including joint cartilage regeneration. The findings of this treatment, which is assumed to develop the same tissue that did not exist in the past, show that our understanding of the effectiveness of stem cells in treatment needs improvement. It is possible to make new cartilage or treat arthritis with cellular therapy and modalities, which have become almost classical treatments for many diseases. However, different views are put forward on the theory that bone marrow stem cells and blood cell precursors are therapeutic in all tissues.
Arnold Caplan has shown in his studies on mesenchymal stem cells labeled with fluorescent molecules that not all administered stem cells are structurally located in the wound area. Well, in this case, let's try to discuss how the state of well-being emerges.
Stem cells live in the walls of blood vessels, in the bone marrow, in fat tissue, in short, in almost every tissue. Stem cells are found in areas such as fat cells where there are more vessels. The cells are called to action when the body is injured, an infection, a cut, or a trauma. Calls lead to different responses in different cells. The communication channel of the call is the hormonal mechanisms, that is, growth factors, that are effective in the region. They ensure that all factors required for antibacterial effect or other proteins migrate to the environment and are transported to the injury site or released from the points where they are stored.
The immune system, which is formed by the cells coming together, can produce more effective proteins than drugs when bacterial contamination or injury is detected. . Examples of these antibiotic-like proteins are that they quickly activate defensive proteins, or so-called "defensins," to protect us from contaminated food that comes into contact with our mouth or hands.
When bones are broken or ligaments are injured, the roots The cells react immediately to initiate the healing response. Within the framework of this reaction, they secrete structuring "anabolic" factors. They remain around the site of injury to sequentially release other factors during the healing process. Removing old injured tissues and residues from the environment is also among the duties of these repair cells. If we make an analogy; Stem cells play the role of general contractors, calling plumbers and whitewashers only at the right time.
If we say "Stem cells do not make cartilage", we can actually summarize the situation without creating a new confusion. There are interventions performed at different times to repair cartilage and joints, bone, meniscus fibrous tissue and the injured surface. The original cells originating from the tissues make new cartilage or bone. The cells that play this structural role are called chondrocytes and fibrochondrocytes. These cells produce collagen and glycoprotein-laden matrices that surround the cells. If we make an analogy again, we can compare this situation to the production of joints between floor tiles. On the other hand, stem cells are very important for the repair of injured joints. But their effectiveness will be expressed by first cleaning and then managing the reconstruction in the relevant area.
While injecting stem cells significantly helps healing, they may not be sufficient alone to achieve the success of the treatment in the field of orthopedics. Biological joint repair is a repair management science focused on benefiting all tissues and all kinds of critical cells that have stimulating activity of growth factors. Nowadays, we encounter the necessity for the physician to undertake intercellular coordination and monitoring duties for the administration and timing of different agents.
Thrombocytes, one of the blood cells frequently used in cellular treatments, are frequently used and useful due to their capacity to stop bleeding at the time of injury and then call stem cells to the field. They are biological agents.
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