Male infertility is observed in 1 out of every 5 people in society. It is also quite common in cases of female infertility. So, is male infertility known enough? Are adequate examinations performed on men?
-
Sperms capable of fertilizing a mature egg are produced from the testicles. This production is completed in approximately 80-90 days. Sperms that are mature and capable of fertilization are produced from precursor sperm cells.
-
As a result of ejaculation, not only sperms are found in the semen. Most of this fluid is a special fluid called seminal vesicle fluid. The remaining part is prostate fluid, other fluids and sperm cells. In sperm analysis, primarily the number of sperm in the total and 1 ml of semen, their movements and shapes are examined.
-
Normal values in the sample given following 3-5 days of sexual abstinence:
-
Total number 40 million
-
Number in 1 ml 15 million
-
total movement at least 40%
-
forward movement (A+B) at least 32%
-
normal shaped ones at least 4%
-
When there is a problem with these values, we are talking about male infertility. If the number is below 5 million in 1 ml, if the motility rate is low or if normal shaped sperm is not present, it may be necessary to give treatment after some tests and, if necessary, to undergo treatments such as insemination and in vitro fertilization.
-
Causes of male infertility; These can be listed as problems in the hormones released from the brain, production disorders in the testicles, problems with the channels in excreting the produced sperm, and problems of unknown cause.
-
Among the most common causes of male infertility in daily life. :
-
Y microdeletions: gene problem
-
Undescended testicle: failure of testicles to replace
-
varicocele: enlargement of testicular veins
-
If there are no live sperm cells in the sperm sample given, AZOOSPERMIA< We say /strong>. In these cases, we definitely repeat the sperm analysis a few days later. If azoospermia is detected again, some tests are requested:
-
Testicular ultrasound
-
Chromosome analysis
-
Hormones
-
AZOOSPERMIA can occur in 1% of the population and in 20% of those who apply to the hospital due to infertility. If there are no live sperm cells in the semen, we definitely perform the 2nd test. If no viable sperm cells appear again, we make the diagnosis. So, is it possible to have children if azoospermia is detected? Which tests should be done?
-
In cases of azoospermia, 40% duct blockages are observed. In these cases, investigations to determine the cause are necessary. Azoospermia may occur in cases where the ducts are not present at birth or the ducts are blocked due to infections. In these cases, it is possible to obtain mature sperm cells. It is possible to have a child, especially by taking sperm through blocked veins or, if there is no canal, by microinjection by taking sperm from testicular tissue (TESE).
-
In about 60% of azoospermia cases, there is a production problem in the testicles. . In these cases, obtaining mature sperm may be a little more difficult. In this group:
-
Those with hypogonadism, that is, those with congenital problems with brain hormones
-
Those with undescended testicles
-
Those with production problems due to chemo-radiotherapy
-
Individuals with Klinefelter syndrome
-
Individuals with Y-microdeletion
-
Those who have had testicular infection, which we call orchitis
-
Those who have had testicular surgery can be counted.
In this case, live-mature sperm cells may not be obtained in sperm analysis. After this stage, hormones are checked and hormone therapy can be given if necessary. Some techniques are used to obtain sperm in azoospermic cases.
TESE: taking tissue from the testicles and searching for sperm under the microscope
TESA: testicle. Sperm is injected into the ducts
With these methods, live sperm cells can be found in approximately 30-40% of men.
Read: 0
