Developmental Tasks in Preschool Period

0-6 Months

Reflexes dominate in this period.
Reacts to loud sounds. .
Shoulder and head control begins to be seen.
4. Can sit for short periods of time when supported within months. He can hold his head up. He can sit up by leaning on his arms.
He expresses his wishes by crying.
He likes to be loved.
He shows his satisfaction with a smile.
He constantly repeats a movement he catches.
He realizes that it makes a sound when he shakes the rattle quickly.
He catches objects with his palm.
Cooperation of vision and hearing is seen. He looks in the direction the sound comes from.
He tries to recognize objects, especially by bringing them to his mouth
He is seen to repeat syllables (“ba-ba, da- “da” etc.).
Crawling movement is seen.

7 -12 Months

Many gains have been made in body control.
He can sit with support.
He watches his environment with great curiosity and interest.
He wants to touch everything.
He distinguishes people he knows from strangers.
He can laugh out loud. Shows affection.
While he gives positive reactions to those he knows, he reacts to crying to those he does not know.
He gives appropriate reactions, especially to the mother's happy and unhappy expressions. .
He is interested in colorful, moving objects and tries to hold and catch them.
He can pass objects from one hand to the other.
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He likes to throw objects.
He tries to throw the ball to the person next to him.
Makes one-word sentences.
He can use a spoon.
He manages to hold his glass with both hands and bring it to his mouth.
He starts walking.
A 1-year-old child is no longer as suspicious of strangers as before. It easily approaches any adult who wants to play.
A one-year-old child, who is extremely sensitive to the sounds he hears around him, tries to imitate them from time to time, while making many sounds that do not yet have any meaning. Some of the sounds it makes have a meaning that the child and those around him/her can understand, even if they are not linguistic.
He understands more words than he can pronounce.

13-24 Months (2 Years)

Makes two-word sentences.
He understands more than he can talk.
To develop other movement skills related to walking such as running, jumping, walking backwards, climbing stairs and He begins to gain mastery in skills such as pushing, pulling, balancing, and carrying objects.
Since he can now move, he also manages to reach and handle the objects he had previously observed with curiosity.
He wants to touch and play with the objects he sees. He becomes disappointed when he is not given this opportunity or when an activity he wants to do is prevented, and he shows this with crying and stamping behavior.
He is extremely curious and is interested in everything he sees in the outside world.
The child is eager to eat on his own and walk on his own.
He likes to attract attention and is very active.
Attention spans are very short, around 2-5 minutes. However, if something seems very interesting to them, they can participate in the activity for a longer period of time.
He is not yet successful in playing on his own for a certain period of time.
Toy selection has not reached any determination in playing with the toy.
He gains toilet control.
Movement and visual field. Although he is interested in other children, he does not yet see them as friends with whom he can constantly play. He mostly enjoys being with his parents and playing.
The need for sleep gradually decreases, but he still needs at least one or two hours of sleep during the day and about twelve hours at night. .
He can sit on a chair easily.
He can go up and down the stairs when held by the hand. He can jump on one leg. He cannot use both feet in jumping.
He can run; However, he loses his balance in sudden turns.
He can turn book pages three or five at a time; From time to time, he shows that he can also translate one by one.
In this period, children often use the word "no" and may even say no when asked if they want something they like very much.
Negative reactions are more common between the ages of two. This situation, which is almost a natural course of development, can be interpreted as expressing the child's helplessness against the outside world.

25-36 Months ( 3 years old)

He is active, cheerful and lively.
He has gained mastery in walking, all the movements related to walking are easy. He can succeed.
He runs easily and can use his hands and arms.
The ability to use language is highly developed.
He can communicate verbally with his environment by being able to speak properly.
The words he knows are more than what he can express. Therefore, he can think quickly. However, it may have some difficulties in converting this into sound. This may sometimes give the impression of a speech defect.
He likes to be talked to and to ask questions.
He can answer adults and give their approval.
He can eat on his own.
He can carry some things without spilling them.
He is egocentric.
He likes to play with his peers for short periods of time.
He likes to play with his parents as well as by himself. He also enjoys being with them, playing with them and talking to them.
He can dress and undress on his own.
He creates imaginary games and imaginary friends.
He likes to try on adult clothes and imitate their behavior.
Listens to simple and not very long stories and repeats songs with simple melodies. He enjoys it.
Begins to be interested in large picture books and crayons. They are.
He likes to look at the pictures in books with the adult.
He enjoys listening to the stories of the pictures. He likes to repeat the things he likes.
Although his drawing skills are very limited, he also tries to draw on paper with colored pencils.
Smell and He can distinguish texture differences.
He has mastered stacking cubes. He can build a tower with 9-10 cubes. Using cubes horizontally is seen.
He is largely egocentric. However, he has also begun to notice some rules that apply within the family.
Slowly, he begins to learn to share, to wait, and to be patient in order for his wishes to be fulfilled.
He also manages to make some sacrifices required of him in order to be with other children close to him.
The child, who is extremely interested in the outside world and the people around him, changes from wearing the clothes of adults to their behavior. From imitation, cards with pictures of boxes, wheels, balls, hammers, buttons, etc. He enjoys playing with real objects, sorting them into groups and matching them.

37-48 Months (4 Age)

He is an individual who can act on his own, ask questions, make choices, and provide information about himself.
Large and small muscle skills have increased. He jumps, runs and walks easily, expressing the need to move at every opportunity.
His skill in catching the ball has increased.
By the end of three years of age His correct movement skills have reached a level where he can ride a tricycle and throw and catch a ball.
What? From where? Why? He often uses questions. He listens to the explanations made to him with interest.
He takes adult behavior as an example.
He likes to be praised.
Plays games for longer periods of time.
Confuses reality with fantasy.
Tries to use slang words.
He has gained a lot of proficiency in using his hands and fingers. pen, oven Can successfully hold and use tea and scissors. He enjoys drawing with thick pencil and brush on large sheets of paper.
Draws a human image by indicating a head and two lines attached to it. The body is not included in this drawing.
He begins to enjoy being with other children more than at previous ages. His games last longer than when he was 3 years old.
He is very successful in expressing his feelings and thoughts through language. Although he may have difficulty expressing himself from time to time, he can generally express himself well.
He wants the adult to explain his wishes logically and can criticize his own behavior and the behavior of others according to certain standards. In fact, he does not hesitate to criticize the adult.
He still has problems with mixing reality and imagination.
He often dreams about what he does. He likes to tell stories that are fruitful.
He likes to listen to fairy tales. His attention span is 10-15 minutes. varies between.

49-60 Months (5 Years)
It is an age when the child makes new discoveries about his/her environment, gradually expands his/her environment, and prepares to take on some responsibilities with less need for adult support.
He socializes rapidly. (He makes an effort to learn the rules of society).
He is generally lively and cheerful.
His behavior is generally self-confident and friendly.
Development at this age has slowed down considerably compared to the first four years.
He likes to please adults.
He wants to be seen and appreciated for what he does.
Body movements in running, jumping and jumping are in complete balance.
Draws the human image as head, legs and feet. The inclusion of the body in this drawing may occur towards the sixth age.
He watches all the behavior of the adult and likes to repeat in his games what they do in real life.
He always talks and asks questions.
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