Precancerous Lesions

Cervical cancer is a preventable cancer because it has a long pre-invasive period of 10-15 years, the effective use of cytological screening methods and the effective treatment of pre-invasive lesions.

 

CIN1=LSIL (Low grade squamos intraepithelial lesions)

CIN2-3=HSIL (High grade squamos intraepithelial lesions)

Average incidence of cervical cancer age is 53.

The most common age range is between the ages of 35-39 and between the ages of 60-64.

SERVIX - CERVICAL. RISK FACTORS FOR CANCER

• Early age for first sexual intercourse (before age 16)

• Multiple sexual intercourse presence of a partner

• HPV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases

• Smoking

• Racial characteristics

• High parity (history of multiple and frequent births)

• Low socioeconomic level

 

The most important risk factor that initiates the process leading to cervical dysplasia and cancer is the presence of HPV virus.

Genital HPV infections are the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world.

HPV DNA positivity has been shown in 100% of cancerous tissue cells in patients diagnosed with cervical cancer.

The development of cervical cancer occurs over a long period of time. The average time between the first HPV infection and the development of invasive cancer is 15 years. During this period, cytological-cellular changes in the cervix can be detected by screening methods (PAP'smear-HPV DNA test and Colposcopy). Half (50%) of the patients diagnosed with cancer have never had a smear test, and 10% have not had a screening test in the last 5 years.

Pre-invasive lesions detected at an early age are generally low-grade. These lesions regress spontaneously and disappear on their own. A very small number of these lesions (10%) are permanent and progress.

Average ages of appearance;

                    ; Spontaneous Remission Rate         Cancer Conversion Rate

CIN1: 25 years old                         70% 1%

CIN2: 29 years old                         50% 2

CIN3: 34 years old                         30% 2%

 

  The failure of PAP'smear test to detect an existing cancer (false negative rate) is 5-10%, that is, 1 in every 10-20 cancer patients PAP cannot be detected despite a smear test. The reason for this is;

• 65% of the time the wrong smear is taken (gynecologist error)

• 35% is the wrong interpretation of the smear (pathologist error)

Taking PAP smears frequently and regularly prevents these errors to a large extent.

7% of all PAP smears are subject to further evaluation and follow-up. -requires follow-up.

 All PAP smear results

• ASCUS 4.4%

• LSIL       2.9%

• HSIL     0.7%

• AGC       0.4% .

 

 

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