Myomas are benign tumor structures seen in the uterus and cervix, developing from the smooth muscle tissue in the uterine structure. It is important to emphasize here that; The word tumor evokes the word cancer in all people. All swellings in the body, whether benign or malignant, are medically called tumors or tumoral structures. Myomas can vary in size from the size of a pea to the size of a basketball. They are usually round and pinkish in color and can be found anywhere in the uterus.
Approximately 10-15 out of every hundred women have fibroids, small or large in diameter, small or large, with or without symptoms. It is possible. Myomas are the most common benign tumor of the uterus.
Myomas are most common in women in the 35-45 age group. It is a very rare condition to be seen during adolescence. Likewise, the incidence of myoma is low during menopause, and most women diagnosed with myoma during their reproductive years experience a rapid regression of their disease when they enter menopause.
Myomas are masses limited to the uterus (uterus) and cause symptoms according to the region they are located. They usually appear in the uterus and rarely in the cervix. While a woman may have a single myoma in her uterus (which is called myoma uteri), there may also be multiple myomas together.
What are the types of myomas?
1 -Subserous myomas (in the outer layer of the uterus)
2-Intramural myomas (in the middle layer of the uterus)
3-Submucous myomas (in the inner layer of the uterus)
The most common myomas are Intramural myomas.
p>What symptoms do myomas cause?
Myomas often do not cause symptoms. They are detected incidentally during routine gynecological examinations. However; often with growth They may give the following symptoms proportionally; > Pain towards the coccyx during menstrual periods or sexual intercourse
Anemia due to excessive bleeding
Myomas that cover the mouth of the tubes or the uterus cause infertility. They cause constipation.
Myomas located in a way that prevents the fertilized egg from being buried in the uterus cause recurrent miscarriages.
1-Ultrasononography : With the help of an apparatus (device) inserted over the abdomen or into the vagina, the internal genital organs are evaluated with images created by sound waves called echo.
2- Hysteroscopy: This beam is based on examining the telescopic device by passing through the vagina and cervix and inserting it into the uterus.
3-Laparoscopy: Laparoscope. It is based on the principle of examining theroscopy through a small incision made in the abdomen with a device called the cervix. It is aimed to obtain information about the anomalies in these organs by monitoring the spread of the medicine given through a thin tube entering the cervix from the uterus to the abdominal cavity through the tubes.
How long to wait?
The number, size and growth rate of myomas vary from woman to woman. myo in general Since the growth of fibroids is related to female hormones, especially estrogen, small fibroids may disappear or shrink when menopause occurs. However, larger myomas may pose longer-term problems. If the myoma of a woman of reproductive age is surgically removed, there is always the possibility of myoma growing again until menopause. Therefore, if it does not cause any complaints and does not pose a potential for other diseases; Although it is considered more rational to wait or continue with medication, especially for women of reproductive age, your doctor's initiative is always more important.
Protection:
Today, it is still not fully understood why myomas develop. However, studies have shown that although it is more common in sedentary and obese women, it is less common in athletic women, making us wonder whether muscle activity is important in protection.
Treatment:
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Myomas generally do not require treatment because they are small and do not cause any complaints. However, those with significant symptoms, those that are large enough to affect fertility, or those that can be confused with cancer or similar malignant tumors require treatment. If your myoma is small, follow-up examinations should be performed every 6 months with a "wait and see" approach. The growth rate of the myoma is thus examined.
1-Medical treatment:
A group of drugs is used to reduce the size of myomas. These medications cause bone loss, vaginal dryness and hot flashes when used for a long time. These drugs are used to shrink myomas before surgery.
2-Surgical treatment:
Myomas that cause complaints and grow rapidly should be surgically removed. The location and size of the myoma determines the type of surgery.
Myomectomy:
It is the process of removing the myoma by simply scraping it off the uterine wall. It is a conservative approach that protects the uterus in people who want to have children. It is mostly done via laparoscopy, but; If the myoma is too large to be removed laparoscopically, myomectomy is performed with the classical surgery performed by opening the abdomen. Since this procedure may cause thinning of the uterine wall, cesarean section will have to be preferred instead of normal (vaginal) birth in subsequent pregnancies.
Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus):
It is a method applied to patients who have rapidly growing myomas that cause complaints and who do not plan to become pregnant in the future.
Follow-up
Not all fibroids need to be removed surgically. Myoma sizes are monitored by regular check-ups of patients who do not have complaints of pain, pressure, irregular or excessive bleeding. Patients who are considering pregnancy in the future or who will enter menopause are followed in this way.
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