PREPARATION FOR THE PATIENT WHO WILL RECEIVE ANESTHESIA
What is general anesthesia?
Anesthesia is the absence of sensation. General Anesthesia is the disappearance of sensory functions along with temporary loss of consciousness. In German medicine and among some people in Turkey, it is also called "Narcosis" instead of General Anesthesia. Although narcosis seems to be synonymous with anesthesia, it is a state of marked numbness that occurs with the extreme loss of sensitivity without complete loss of consciousness.
Alternative forms of General Anesthesia also exist. These can be grouped as Regional Anesthesia, Local Anesthesia and Sedation.
Regional Anesthesia: It is the removal of sensation in a part of the body. The person is aware of the events happening around him during the surgery. For example, the pain sensation in one arm can be eliminated by performing a regional block. Or, by applying epidural or spinal anesthesia, that is, by blocking the nerves coming from the spinal cord with local anesthetic drugs, the pain sensation in the area where the surgery will be performed can be removed.
Sedation: It is used to relax and calm the patient. Consciousness is clear, temporary memory loss occurs. It is generally used to support local and regional anesthesia.
Who administers general anesthesia?
In Canada, anesthesia is administered by doctors who have specialized in this field. Nurses cannot give anesthesia in Canada. Doctors who perform anesthesia in Canada and England are called "Anesthesiologists", and in America they are called "Anesthesiologists". .
In places where there is no anesthesiologist in Turkey, anesthesia is given by Anesthesia Technicians. Anesthesia Technicians are people who graduated from the Anesthesia department of the 2-year post-high school Health Professions School. The administration of anesthesia by people without medical training brings with it various drawbacks. In Turkey, nurses do not have the authority to administer anesthesia.
What is premedication? What is its purpose?
The most important purpose of premedication, popularly called the "Injection of Courage", is to reduce the anxiety and fear of the patient who will undergo surgery, to create mild drowsiness, to prevent nausea, vomiting, heart rhythm disorders, and to reduce the secretions of saliva and upper respiratory tract. .
How do anesthesiologists administer anesthesia?
Which moment do anesthesiologists determine? He/she should know that he/she will have qualifications, his/her CV and family history. He/she should especially question his/her history regarding anesthetics.
When the patient comes to the operating table, the anesthesiologist first takes measurements to determine the patient's heartbeat, blood pressure, blood oxygen level and body temperature.
During general anesthesia, sleep, loss of consciousness, absence of pain, and absence of movement occur. Generally, anesthesia is started by injecting the drug into the vein, and following loss of consciousness, the muscles are paralyzed with a muscle relaxant. During the surgery, the patient's breathing must be kept under control and anesthetic gases are used to maintain anesthesia. For this reason, a tube called "Endotracheal Tube" is placed in the patient's trachea and the patient is connected to the anesthesia machine through it. A mixture of oxygen, air and anesthetic gas is given to the patient through the machine. During the surgery, all vital functions of the patient (Respiration, Blood Pressure, Heart Rhythm, etc.), bleeding, and the fluids to be given are monitored by the anesthetist and the continuation of the above-mentioned functions is ensured.
How to wake up from anesthesia?
Waking up It depends on many factors such as the type of anesthetic drug used and the duration of the surgery. When the surgery is over, anesthetic drugs are stopped. When the patient's muscle relaxants cease to be effective and breathing becomes adequate, the tube in the trachea is removed. When the patient responds to verbal stimuli, he is taken to the recovery room. It is kept there until it fully awakens. No matter how short the surgical procedure performed, every patient who receives general anesthesia should not perform tasks that require intense attention and reflexes, such as driving, for up to 24 hours.
General Approach
1) Pre-operative evaluation. ; In addition to the history, it includes physical examination and all kinds of laboratory tests requested as a result of consultations with the anesthesiologist and other physicians.
2) Medical evaluation will reveal all problems that may make the operative procedure and convalescence period problematic.
3) All previous health records are obtained.
4) LABORATORY STUDIES " Routine laboratory studies (done in the biochemistry department, information is obtained about the substances in the blood) " Complete blood count ( cells in the blood are counted)” Serological tests (obtain information about previous diseases) "Lung X-ray" Urine tests "Anti HIV, HbsAg, AntiHCV determination (the presence of AIDS, hepatitis B and hepatitis C is investigated) "Blood group determination - Crossmatch determination" Ultrasonography
5) CONSULTATIONS
Anesthesia consultation
a)Selecting the appropriate anesthesia for each patient
b)drug interactions
c)Previous anesthetic experiences (problems)
d)Patient's preferences
e)information-contact
6) OBTAINING OPERATIONAL PERMISSION
The procedure is suitable for the patient. After the risks and possible consequences are clearly explained and the alternatives are clarified, the patient or his/her parents or legal guardian signs a consent document before surgery.
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