OBSESIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)
Although the obsessions are considered to be repetitive, persistent, disturbing and irrational
Thoughts and impulses that are difficult to get out of the mind and phantasies
Compulsions are repetitive, purposeful,
behaviors or mental actions performed according to certain rules that occur to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For adolescents and adults
While it may be noticed that the rituals are unreasonable or excessive, this may not be the case for children.
Although children often try to hide their rituals, this is impossible when it is intense.
The most common obsessions are: contamination (e.g. germs, disease...), something bad happening to oneself or someone in one's family (e.g. being kidnapped...), doing the right thing (e.g. : meticulousness...)
and sexual thoughts. The most common compulsions are washing, repeating, checking,
counting, touching and hoarding.
In frequency studies conducted in children and adolescents, the prevalence of OCD in the society is 3%
around. For childhood-onset OCD, the onset of OCD in boys is before puberty.
In girls, it starts in adolescence. While OCD appears equally in girls and boys during adolescence, it is more common in women than men in adulthood. Tic
disorders and ADHD are more common in those with early-onset OCD.
With dramatic, acute worsening and
improvement periods that may occur after beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. OCD or tic disorder is called PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disease Associated with Streptococcal Infections). To define the PANDAS subgroup
It is important because the treatment is different.
The most common accompanying diagnoses of OCD are Depressive Disorders, other Anxiety Disorders, Tic Disorder,
Conduct Disorder and ADHD. Genetic, neurochemical, neuroanatomical,
neuroimmunological and psychosocial causes play a role in the etiology of OCD. Cognitive behavioral therapy
and psychopharmacological therapy are effective in the treatment of OCD. While cognitive behavioral treatment
is recommended as initial treatment, psychopharmacological treatment should be added if OCD is accompanied by comorbidity or OCD is severe
. Continuation of OCD
symptoms despite psychopharmacological treatment, early onset, presence of sexual and religious obsessions, lack of insight
, comorbidities, presence of hospitalization history, schizotypal personality
>The presence of a disorder, a history of Axis I disorder in the parents, problems with perception, and a history of tic disorder indicate that the prognosis is poor
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