85% is squamous cell cancer and it is the 2nd most common gynecological cancer. It is common between the ages of 30-35. We can count the starting of sexual life at an early age, many partners, low socioeconomic level, and smoking among the factors. Now, HPV infection is considered one of the most important factors. Pelvic examination and colposcopy help us detect cancer at an early stage with a 90% probability. While there are usually no complaints in the early period, vaginal bleeding is often the first symptom, especially after intercourse. Foul-smelling discharge and groin pain in advanced stages are other complaints. Treatment is surgery (radical hysterectomy) in the early stages and radiotherapy (radiation therapy) in the advanced stages.
Smear (pap smear)Pap smear is one of the most important parts of the gynecological examination. If no problems are detected after sexual life begins, smear smear should be done every 2 years until the age of 35, and then once a year. Those who have risk factors such as more than one partner, a history of sexually transmitted diseases, genital condyloma, or a previous abnormal smear test should have it done as often as the doctor recommends.
Smear is a screening test. When positive findings are given, it is necessary to perform diagnostic procedures such as colposcopy, cervical biopsy, conization or probe curettage.
Vaginal douche should not be performed for at least 24 hours before the smear is taken and menstruation should not be performed.
Uterine cancer (endometrium cancer)It is the most common gynecological cancer. It is mostly seen in people over the age of 40. It develops from the endometrium and spreads first to the reproductive organs and then to the environment and other organs. Risk factors Late menopause Infertility Obesity, PCOS, Hypertension, Endometrial hyperplasia with atypia. The most common finding is ano normal vaginal bleeding. Definitive diagnosis is made by endometrial biopsy. Pap smear does not help in diagnosis. Bleeding during menopause and the endometrium being more than 5 mm in size on ultrasound are factors that make us suspect. Treatment Surgery is the basis and radiotherapy (radiation therapy) and chemotherapy may be performed.
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