Kidney stone disease is the presence of stones in any part of the urinary tract (kidney, internal urinary tract (ureter), urinary bladder and external urinary tract (urethra)). It can cause obstruction, causing enlargement of the urinary tract and swelling of the kidney. If it is not treated on time, it may result in loss of kidney functions.
What are the symptoms of kidney stones?
The most common complaints in adults are flank pain and bleeding in the urine. Nausea-vomiting, loss of appetite and fatigue can be added to these findings as a result of the stones blocking the urinary tract. Also, if urinary tract infection accompanies, fever can be seen. In young children, symptoms that are not specific to stone disease, such as restlessness or vomiting, are the first symptom.
How is kidney stone diagnosed?
Patients with urinary tract obstruction are usually first evaluated in the emergency department. . Following the history and physical examination of the patients, urinalysis, complete blood count are performed, and the presence and amount of stones are determined by imaging methods. Ultrasonography and direct abdominal x-ray should be the examinations to be chosen as the imaging method.
What are the treatment methods for kidney stones?
The first goal in patients who apply to the emergency department is to diagnose the stone and to determine whether it is necessary for emergency treatment. Then, the patients are followed up for 7-14 days with drug treatments to help the stone pass. If the stone does not fall within this period, it indicates the need for an interventional treatment.
If the stone falls, it is very important to determine the type of stone in order to prevent the formation of stones again. Metabolic evaluation should be done in patients with recurrent stone disease. Especially, at least 70% of pediatric stone patients have a metabolic problem, and drug treatments to eliminate these causes can reduce the formation of new stones and even destroy the existing stone in some stone types. (ESWL)? It can be done under anesthesia in young children, and by anesthetizing in adults. Moment However, redness or bruising in the areas where the procedure is applied, pain during the falling of the broken pieces, bleeding in the urine, obstruction of the urinary tract by the broken pieces and fever may occur.
How is kidney stone surgery performed?
The number of stones, The type of surgery to be performed is decided according to its size, location, stone type, anatomical structure of the urinary tract and patient preference.
URS (Ureterorenoscopy) is inserted from the external urinary tract (urethra) into the urinary bladder with thin, rigid or flexible (bendable) endoscopic instruments. It is the process of entering the upper urinary tract (ureter) and/or breaking the stone in the kidney with LASER (Holmium: YAG). The patient can return to his daily life after one day.
PNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy) is the process of removing stones by breaking through a 1 cm sheath placed in the kidney from the skin. The patient should stay in the hospital for 2-3 days after the operation. The patient has a small wound in the kidney area.
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