Celiac is a small intestine disease. Simply defined, it is a lifelong malabsorption of the small intestine against the protein called gluten, found in grains such as wheat, barley and rye.
Symptoms
Celiac disease does not show the same symptoms in all patients. Some patients show symptoms as children, while others show symptoms as adults. Studies support that the symptoms of celiac disease appear later in people who breastfeed for a long time. The age at which gluten enters the diet and the amount of gluten consumed are also important. Signs and symptoms of the disease and the time of onset vary greatly from person to person.
Celiac symptoms in babies and children; Generally, foods containing gluten begin to be consumed after the age of 1. The first symptoms appear. It initially starts with nausea, vomiting, chronic diarrhea, followed by weakness, constipation, foul-smelling stools, weight loss, fatigue, irritability and behavioral problems, delayed growth, short height compared to age, protruding abdomen, hardened muscles, large, frequent and foul-smelling stools, edema in the later stages, unhappy appearance in the child, tendency to cry, attention deficit hyperactivity, bone pain, decrease in blood calcium level, bleeding due to slight abrasions on the skin, and loss of fat-soluble vitamins. (A,D,E,K) deficiency-related findings are frequently observed.
Celiac symptoms in adults; Although adults are less likely to have digestive symptoms, only one-third experience diarrhoea. Symptoms can be listed as follows:
Unexplained iron deficiency anemia, fatigue, bone or joint pain, arthritis, osteoporosis or osteopenia (bone loss), liver and biliary tract diseases, depression or anxiety, peripheral neuropathy (in the hands and feet). Symptoms such as tingling, numbness or pain), seizure or migraine, menstrual irregularity in women, infertility or recurrent miscarriage, sores in the mouth, dermatitis herpetiformis (itchy skin rash) are frequently observed.
Causes of celiac disease;
Celiac disease is a genetic disease. The probability that first-degree relatives (mother, father, children) of sick people will be sick is 10%. As diagnosis and treatment is delayed, the risk of developing malnutrition and other complications will increase
Other causes of celiac disease are; Sometimes celiac disease can occur or be triggered after a surgery, child birth, pregnancy, viral infection or severe emotional stress.
How is celiac diagnosed?
First of all, they need to apply to the gastroenterology or endocrine department.
To diagnose celiac disease, the physician performs tests measuring the level of antibodies against gluten in the blood (antigliadin antibodies, endomysium antibodies, transglutaminase). They want antibodies). If at least one of these antibodies is positive, a biopsy of the small intestine is required.
Treatment of celiac disease
The only treatment for celiac disease It is a strict lifelong diet that avoids gluten, which is found in wheat, barley, rye and oat grains. They should pay attention to the ingredients of ready-made foods sold in markets. They must consume gluten-free foods.
Safe foods for celiac patients:
-
All vegetables,
-
All fruits,
-
All legumes,
-
All unadulterated fats and oils,
-
Egg,
-
Honey, jam,
-
Olives, Meat, Fish, Chicken, (These products do not have additives and should not be fried and processed in oil that has previously been fried with flour.).
-
Canned Types Not Soaked in Flour,
-
Although corn, rice and potato foods can be used, their flour can also be used.
-
Also chestnut flour, chickpea flour, soy flour, grape seed flour can also be used.
-
Home ground safe spices.
Foods that should not be consumed in the diet treatment of celiac disease:
-
Any products containing wheat, barley, rye and oats. (flour, bulgur, bulgur pilaf, semolina, pasta, noodles, couscous, bread, cake, pastry, cookies, biscuits, pastry, buns, wafers, bagels, crackers, ice cream cones, flour desserts, gluten-containing ready-made tomato paste, ketchup, flour soups, sauces, tarhana, cracked wheat, etc.).
-
Meat products such as chicken and fish dipped in breadcrumbs and flour and fried.
-
Beverages using malt, beer, vodka, gin, etc.
-
Instant soups containing gutten, ready-made condiments such as meatballs and breaded mixtures.
-
Gluten may be found in some foods such as vinegar, chocolate, pudding, chewing gum, ketchup, mayonnaise and ice cream. Before eating these, you should definitely obtain information about the product.
-
Salted, sauced nuts are prohibited because they are bound with gluten. However, nuts that have not been processed with gluten and do not contain gluten are free.
What happens when celiac disease is not treated?
Celiac patients are prohibited from consuming foods containing gluten throughout their lives. Patients must comply with a nutritional program consisting of gluten-free foods. The intestinal mucosa of celiac patients who consume gluten-containing foods is destroyed and their intestines are irreversibly damaged in the long term.
Patients who eat outside of the gluten-free diet program, in the long term;
Malabsorption, growth retardation, It can lead to hypochromic microcytic anemia, megoblastic anemia, calcium and vitamin K deficiency, increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases, osteoporosis, infertility, miscarriage, depression, lymphoma, and large and small intestine cancers.
What should be taken into consideration in the gluten-free diet?
Importance should be given to natural foods (milk-meat-fish-eggs-vegetables-legumes-rice-corn-potatoes)
Careful choices should be made when eating at school and outside. .
Pay attention to wheat flour mixed corn flour and rice flour.
You should be very careful when consuming unlabeled food.
Drugs, cosmetics, shampoos, creams, etc. It should be used with caution due to its gluten content.
During the cooking and preparation stages, Care should be taken to ensure that foods containing gluten are not contaminated with foods containing gluten.
Gluten-free bread recipe
Bread recipe that celiac patients can easily consume;
You can mix corn flour, rice flour and chickpea flour to make bread, or you can make it with just corn flour.
You can also make bread with Loprofin flour.
Ingredients: (for 2 loaves of bread)
500 gr loprofin flour (1 pack) or corn flour or flour mixture (rice, corn, chickpeas)
1 pack of fresh yeast
2 cups of warm water (40oC)
1 tea glass of yoghurt
2 tablespoons of oil or butter
1 teaspoon of salt
Preparation:
-
Put flour, yeast, yoghurt and salt into the mixing bowl and mix.
-
Add water and oil to the mixture.
-
Mixer. Using it, beat first at slow speed for 2 minutes, then at medium speed for 2 minutes.
-
Divide the watery dough into 2 equal parts and spread it into the oiled mold.
-
Cover it with a clean cloth and let it rest in a warm place for 30-60 minutes to rise.
-
Bake in a preheated oven at 220oC for 25 minutes.
-
Remove from the mold and cool.
Storage: When the nuts cool down, pack them in a nylon bag.
Freezing: Bread is divided into quantities to be eaten at once, placed in refrigerator bags and kept in the deep freezer.
Read: 0
