Gynecology

Subserous fibroids: They are located on the outer surface of the uterus. They do not cause bleeding problems, rather they are compressed depending on their size. It can cause complaints such as abdominal pain, abdominal cramps.

Intramural fibroids: They settle in the muscle tissue of the uterus. they can cause. If it gets too big, it can cause frequent urination and constipation depending on where it is located.

Submucous fibroids: These are myomas that grow into the uterus under the lining of the uterus. Increase in the amount of menstrual bleeding, clotting and bleeding by dropping pieces Sometimes they can grow into the vagina.

Myomectomy: It is preferred in young patients, especially if the number of children has not been completed. Only myoma is removed without damaging the uterus. However, sometimes this is not always possible due to the location of the myoma, patients are informed about this before the surgery.

Hist Erectomy (removal of the uterus): It is preferred in patients who are older and do not want to have children anymore.

Uterine artery embolization: The blood vessels leading to myoma are blocked, thus reducing the myoma.

Simple cysts: The most common They are ovarian cysts. It can reach 4 -5 cm in size. As long as it does not cause any abnormal bleeding, it disappears spontaneously within a few months with follow-up.

Hemorrhagic cyst: Occurs in case of bleeding into the cyst in simple cyst It is more common in those who use blood thinners, and those who take medication to conceive. It is generally followed, and surgery may be required if it is rarely torn and bleeding into the abdomen.

Chocolate cyst (Endometrioma): Endometriosis disease It is the form that occurs in the ovaries. It can be unilateral or bilateral. It contains dark colored, melted chocolate-like liquid. It can cause menstrual pain, infertility (inability to conceive), painful sexual intercourse.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: It is a disease characterized by numerous tiny cysts around the ovary. The egg cannot be cracked regularly every month. It may begin with puberty.

Dermoid cyst (teratoma): Originating from germ cells, They are benign cysts that contain structures such as hair, hair, teeth, and bones, which must be surgically removed when they reach a certain size. benign) ovarian tumors: Ovarian cancer, although mostly seen after menopause, can occur at any age. It usually does not show any symptoms until it reaches an advanced stage. it is very important for early diagnosis. bleeding, inguinal pain, abdominal swelling, menstrual pain, pain during intercourse, palpable mass in the abdomen, hair growth, hair loss, delayed menstruation

• How are ovarian cysts diagnosed?

Diagnosis is made by examination and ultrasonography. It can be determined whether they are benign or malignant by ultrasonography. In addition, tumor markers and MRI may be requested. CA 125 is the most frequently observed tumor marker, but it can also rise in some other cases.

• How to treat ovarian cysts?

Follow-up treatment: Since most of the cysts will disappear spontaneously within 6 months in patients who have no complaints, they are followed up. Cysts that are benign and smaller than 5 cm in menopause are also followed up.

Drug treatment: For this purpose, birth control pills are used.

Surgical treatment: In cysts larger than 5 cm, which do not disappear with drug treatment, if it is larger than 10 cm, if there is a cyst in both ovaries, if it is adhered to the surrounding tissue, surgery