Tests for Infertility
Male Infertility Tests
1. Semen Analysis
To evaluate the male The most important and informative test is semen analysis. In order to diagnose male infertility, at least 2 examinations must be performed at intervals of 3-8 weeks. In order for the sperm collected by masturbation to be evaluated correctly, there must be 3 to 5 days of sexual abstinence when the sample is taken. During semen analysis, the number, motility and shape of sperm are evaluated. In order for semen analysis to be considered normal, the sperm count must be 20 million/ml and above, the total motility must be 50% and the proportion of sperm with a normal structure, which we call morphology, must be 5% and above. For results below these values, a treatment program must be implemented for couples.
2. Hormonal Tests
The levels of reproductive hormones can be determined by a blood test. These hormones are FSH, LH, Total Testosterone and Prolactin. In men whose semen analysis does not reveal any sperm, it helps determine whether the problem is caused by testicles.
3. Genetic Tests
The situation where the sperm count is 5 million/ml or less or no sperm is found is called severe male infertility. Men with this diagnosis need to be examined genetically. Genetic problems are encountered at a rate of 5-15% in men with no sperm observed and severe structural and numerical disorders of sperm. Genetic problems in men can be transmitted to embryos and cause anomalies in the newborn baby. Again, this situation can cause infertility in boys. Therefore, in cases of severe male infertility, it would be beneficial to perform genetic tests on the man before treatment. Again, in male infertility due to congenital lack of development of carrier channels, genetic tests should be performed on men and women in terms of cystic fibrosis carriers.
4. Semen and Urine Cultures
In cases where infection is suspected, samples taken in a sterile container are cultured to try to detect the microbe that causes the infection, and the infection is treated with antibiotics to which this microbe is sensitive.
5. Testicular Biopsy
Semen analysis It is performed to determine whether there is sperm production in men who do not have sperm in their testicles and whose hormone tests and testicular sizes are normal. It is usually performed with local anesthesia.
Female Infertility Tests
1. Blood Tests Performed in the Evaluation of Women
a) Hormonal tests: Serological and microbiological.
b) Hematological tests: FSH, HbsAg, Blood Group, LH, Anti-Hbs, Complete Blood Count, estradiol, Anti-HCV, Prolactin, Anti-HIV1+2, Free T4, Rubella IgG, TSH, Rubella IgM, Free Testosterone, Toxo IgG, 17 -OH Progesterone, Toxo IgM, DHEA-SO4, Androstenedione.
2. Ovulation Tracking
The most practical method used to detect ovulation is ultrasonography. With ultrasonography performed on the 2nd or 3rd day of menstrual bleeding, information is obtained about the number of eggs in the ovary and it is checked whether there is a cystic structure. By continuing to follow up at regular intervals, it can be determined whether egg development is occurring or not. Determining the progesterone hormone level by taking a blood sample on the 19th, 21st and 23rd days of menstrual bleeding also helps determine whether ovulation has occurred.
3. Saline Infusion Sonography "Sis"
It is a simple, painless procedure that allows examination of the inside of the uterus. Serum is injected into the uterus with the help of a thin catheter and the inner lining of the uterus is evaluated under ultrasonography.
With this method, polyps, myomas, intrauterine adhesions, strictures and intrauterine compartments can be detected.
It is one of the most important examinations that allows visualization of the uterus and tubes. By imaging the passage of the fluid given from the cervix through the uterus and tubes, it is possible to determine whether there is insufficiency in the cervix, intrauterine adhesions, masses occupying space in the uterus (myoma, polyp), uterine development disorders, patency of the tubes, swelling and fluid accumulation. understandable.
5. Hysteroscopy
It is the process of examining the inside of the uterus with a light-source optical device. It not only enables the problems in the uterus to be visualized and diagnosed, but also allows them to be treated. Infertility surgery performed under general anesthesia It is an important method that is frequently used in clinics.
6. Laparoscopy
It is the process of examining the intra-abdominal organs under general anesthesia by inserting a fiberoptic device illuminated with a light source into the abdominal cavity through a 1-2 cm incision made under the navel.
Uterine X-ray and/or Ultrasonography are used in patients with suspicion, unexplained infertility, genital organ abnormalities, ectopic pregnancy, intra-abdominal adhesions, myoma, ovarian cysts and endometriosis, for diagnosis and monitoring of gynecological tumors, as well as unexplained groin pain and menstrual pain. It is a surgical method used for the diagnosis and treatment of vision impairment.
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