Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of death worldwide. Approximately 17.5 million people die from CVD every year. This is 31% of all deaths. (1) Approximately 7.5 million of these are due to Coronary Vascular Disease and 6.2 million are due to Cerebrovascular Disease (stroke, stroke). (2)
Deaths from CVD, especially Coronary Vascular Diseases and Stroke, are expected to reach 23 Million in 2030. (1-3) While deaths from infectious diseases and maternal and child deaths are gradually decreasing with the measures taken, CVD caused by risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy nutrition, obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure (hypertension), high blood lipids and diabetes are among the causes of death. It strengthens its position as the sole leader day by day. (3)
High blood pressure (hypertension) causes 9.4 million deaths every year. (4) 51% of deaths due to stroke and 45% of deaths due to coronary artery diseases are due to hypertension (5)
WHAT ARE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES? ?
The term cardiovascular diseases (CVD) refers to diseases of the heart and blood vessels. These diseases:
1.) Coronary Vascular Diseases(Coronary Heart Disease): These were diseases caused by partial or complete obstruction of the vessels feeding the heart muscle
2.)Cerevascular Diseases: These are diseases of the blood vessels that feed the brain.
3.) Peripheral Vascular Diseases: Diseases of the blood vessels that feed the arms and legs.
4.) Rheumatic Heart Diseases: These are diseases in which the heart valves and muscles are affected, caused by Streptococcus type bacteria that cause tonsil infection (tonsillitis).
5.)Congenital Heart Diseases: Structural disorders of the heart that are present at birth.
6.)Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: These are diseases caused by blood clots forming in the leg veins (“veins”) and their transfer to the heart and lungs.
RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
The most important behavioral risk factors for heart diseases and stroke are unhealthy diet, sedentary life, smoking and alcohol use. These lifestyle-related behavioral risk factors are responsible for 80% of coronary vascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases. (1)
The effects of these negative lifestyle and habits can cause high blood pressure (hypertension), high blood sugar (diabetes, diabetes) in individuals. It manifests itself as high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia) and excess weight (obesity). The presence of these “intermediate risk factors” is considered to be markers of the development of heart attack, stroke, heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases.
Quitting tobacco and alcohol use, reducing the amount of salt in the diet, consuming fruits and vegetables and regular physical activity reduces cardiovascular risk. Prevention and treatment of hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol significantly reduce cardiovascular risk.
Health policies that create suitable environments and take measures so that people can adapt and maintain a healthy lifestyle are also extremely important in reducing the social cardiovascular risk.
There are also factors that we can call the "underlying determinants" of cardiovascular diseases or the "causes of the causes" of cardiovascular diseases; globalization, urbanization and population aging.
Other important determinants of cardiovascular diseases are; stress, poverty and geneticfactors.
COMMON SYMPTOMS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
The vascular disease responsible for causing a heart attack or stroke often has no prior symptoms. A heart attack or stroke is the first reflection of the disease.
Heart Attack Symptoms
· Pain, pressure, burning or discomfort in the middle of the chest
· In the arms, left shoulder Pain or discomfort in the elbow, lower jaw or back
It can often accompany the picture.
Stroke (Paralysis) Symptoms
The most common symptom of stroke; It is the sudden onset of weakness in the face, arms or legs, especially in one half of the body.
. Other symptoms are sudden development;
o Numbness in the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body
o Changes in consciousness, difficulty and/or impairment in speaking or understanding what is said,
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o Visual disturbances in one or both eyes
o Difficulty in walking, dizziness, balance and coordination disorders
o Headache of unknown cause
o Fainting and loss of consciousness
RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
Streptococcus genus is usually found in children. Rheumatic Heart Diseases are a group of diseases that develop as a result of the condition called "Rheumatic Fever", which develops after tonsil infection (tonsillitis) caused by bacteria, affecting, damaging and deteriorating the heart valves and muscles.
Children in countries with low socio-economic levels are mostly affected.
While coronary vascular diseases are responsible for 42% of deaths from cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases are responsible for 34%, while Rheumatic Heart Disease is responsible for 42% of deaths from cardiovascular diseases. It is responsible for 2% of diseases. (2)
Rheumatic Heart Disease Symptoms:
· Shortness of breath, . Palpitations, irregular heartbeats, . Chest pain, fainting
Symptoms of Rheumatic Fever are;
· Fever, . Joint pain and swelling, . Nausea, stomach aches and vomiting
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The structures that make up the anatomy of the heart The diseases of each can ultimately be examined under the title "Heart Diseases":
A.) Diseases of the Heart Muscle (MYOCHARD)
B.) Heart Valve Diseases
C. ) Cardiovascular (CORONARY ARTERY) Diseases
D.) Pericardium (PERICARDY) Diseases
E.) Heart Electrical (Rhythm and Conduction) System Diseases
F.) Diseases of the Great Vessels
G.) CONGENITAL Heart Diseases
G.) Infectious Diseases of the Heart
H.) Tumoral Diseases of the Heart
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I.) Involvement of the Heart in Systemic Defects
J.) Other Organ Diseases and Conditions That Also Affect the Heart
While these diseases, which we have classified under main headings, mostly occur for different reasons, sometimes One disease causes another to occur. For example, occlusion of the heart artery can lead to heart muscle dysfunction, and if these muscles are the muscles to which the valves attach, it can ultimately lead to valve disorders. On the other hand, heart valve disorders can lead to heart muscle disease by changing the shape of the heart, increasing its diameter, and creating increased pressure. IN SUMMARY; These diseases can often appear intertwined.
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