Attention is defined as the ability of our brain to focus on only one thought for a certain period of time and to concentrate on a single stimulus by stopping external stimuli. Attention is a general concept that includes all the processes of prioritizing, queuing, planning and organizing. Knowing the purpose of the job he/she does helps the person to adopt and own this job and to motivate himself/herself for the job. Easily distracted attention and difficulty in maintaining attention are among the common situations.
Among the causes of attention concentration problems are environmental conditions such as intense stimulus flow (too much television watching, excessive computer playing, excessive abundance of toys, etc.). Fatigue, wrong punishment and long-lasting illnesses can be observed.
Children with attention deficit disorder appear in two types. First, these children are constantly on the move, they are internally reactive, they are hasty, they are open to stimuli in the environment, and their attention can be easily distracted. Secondly, they are very quiet, have low motivation, daydream on their own, are reluctant and uninterested. They work on a task carelessly and haphazardly.
In terms of attention, curiosity about the subject helps to focus attention. People enjoy doing things that they are curious about and interested in. The way to arouse curiosity is to ask oneself questions about the subject. Organizing the physical environment is also important in this sense. One should move from a noisy environment to a quiet place. Continuing to work in the same place, time and conditions, chair, bed, etc. One should avoid places that will cause distraction. Items that are not relevant to the subject should be removed from the desk. Important factors for focusing attention include ensuring that the chair used for study is not soft, working in appropriate light, and that the environment is not too hot. Care should be taken not to work during the hours when other people are playing, having fun and resting.
The attention span of a preschool child is quite short. Therefore, it may change its activity frequently. A child's attention span in an activity varies depending on his age and development level. Has completed its development in accordance with its age characteristics A preschool child can look at the pictures of a book one by one with curiosity, close it and open it again, and focus his attention on different elements. However, a child who has not completed his/her development level skips a page or two and turns the pages; if he/she is not curious, he/she may close it and find different activities for himself/herself.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FAMILY;Determining evidence of the sufficiency of the child's attention span; He/she should take his job seriously and embrace it, and should perceive that it gives him peace and happiness when he completes a job by making an effort with love, enthusiasm and joy to complete the activity.
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He should not criticize, he should make speeches that will encourage him
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He should reward him
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He should make time for him
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He should focus on the areas he is good at
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One should determine the learning style and give priority to it
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Computer, TV, etc. He/she should/should use it in moderation
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He should keep the instructions given short
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He should not interfere with his work
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They should try to discover their talents and interests
What Can We Do at Home?
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Games that increase attention can be played. These games; Pictureka, Guess Who? , Jenga, Memory Cards, Jumping Frog, Bingo, Crazy Sticks, Mouse Trap.
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Playing yes-no game, which game in my hand, hot-cold game.
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Sorting rice, bulgur, lentils
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Listening and telling stories, making questions and answers within the story
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To make a picture in accordance with the characteristics described.
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To find pictures of animals, fruits and vegetables from books or magazines and to create an album.
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Ball games, hiding and finding.
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Making age-appropriate puzzles
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The objects in the environment, their colors, shapes, etc. . categorize according to their characteristics. (finding red fruits while in the kitchen)
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Finding the differences between two pictures
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Playing a maze game
Mischief? Hyperactivity?
School or Children who go to nursery and are called very naughty at home and very quiet at school, or conversely, children who are called naughty at school and quiet at home, are generally children who are given whatever they want at home and are not set limits. It is seen that children who have never been taught the rules and who are given whatever they want, display their behavior without rules. A child who misbehaves may display certain behaviors due to influences from the environment. However, there are some situations in hyperactivity that distinguish the child from his peers. It is the emergence of hyperactivity and impulsivity without external stimulation. The child cannot sit where he/she should sit, talks too much, is forgetful and has problems adapting to the environment. Impulsivity, not being able to think about the end of the work, impatience, constantly talking without listening to others' conversations and asking questions. Since they have not learned to control their impulses, they want to do whatever comes to their mind instantly and jump from one request to another.
The child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cannot comply even if his family sets limits and he actually wants to comply with these rules, he cannot help it. , acts without thinking. In addition, the child may develop low morale and depression because he/she cannot comply with the rules even though he/she wants to, and thus attracts the reactions of the family and the teacher. Not every naughty child is hyperactive.
Children go through transition periods. Two and a half years of age (2 year old syndrome) and four to five years of age are transition periods. Irritability, irritability, aggression and hyperactivity may be observed during transition periods. First of all, it is important for parents to know that these periods are temporary. The child does this to cope with his behavior and emotions during this period, so what parents need to do is to teach these emotions to the child. Teaching emotions should actually start from the birth of the baby, but it is never too late. Mother and father can understand what their child is feeling (even just by using the observation method) from the child's facial expression or the course of events. The other stage is to help the child express his emotions and teach him what to do in the face of these emotions. Children will always have undesirable behaviors. Therefore, the important point is for parents to understand what they feel and to give feedback about these feelings. and making them feel that they are always with them.
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