Various forms of thyroid diseases are seen in nearly 40 percent of Turkey. The most important cause of thyroid diseases; Iodine deficiency is familial and related to ingested goitrogenic foods. Goiter is the growth of the thyroid gland located in the front of the neck, other than cancer and inflammation. One of these is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, called goiter, with or without nodules. General Surgery-Breast-Thyroid and Oncological Surgery Specialist Assoc. Dr. Mehmet Emin Güneş wrote
The thyroid gland is an organ located in the front of the neck, weighing approximately 20 grams, but its vital importance is much larger than its size. So much so that your body is like the conductor of an orchestra. The hormones it secretes regulate many functions of the body. If these hormones, which play a role in almost all functional mechanisms of the body, are secreted insufficiently, it is called hypothyroidism and the body's working speed, which we call metabolism, decreases. In this case, movement slows down and weight gain begins. The person gets tired easily, has an increased tendency to sleep, and becomes psychologically depressed.
If thyroid hormones are secreted excessively, this is called hyperthyroidism. Due to overactivity of hormones, the body's working speed increases, tremors in the hands, excessive sweating, menstrual irregularities, palpitations, distress, irritability and weight loss, and enlarged pupils are observed.
The most important cause of thyroid diseases; Iodine deficiency is familial and related to ingested goitrogenic foods. Goiter is the growth of the thyroid gland located in the front of the neck, other than cancer and inflammation. One of these is the growth of the thyroid gland, which we call goiter, with or without nodules.
Apart from all these situations, the thyroid hormone level is normal and there may be nodular growth in the thyroid gland. Thyroid nodules are masses that we call abnormal lumps that can occur in different structures and sizes within the thyroid tissue. The number and size of these nodules and whether they are hot or cold nodules are important. Most of them are harmless and benign.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?
Many of them cannot be noticed from the outside with the naked eye. However, nodules reaching 2 cm can be noticed. They may cause swelling in the neck, a feeling of pressure, difficulty in breathing and swallowing, rarely pain, and hoarseness or hoarseness.
DO THYROID NODULES GET CANCER?
The rate of cancer development in cold nodules is higher than in hot nodules. The rate of cancer development from all thyroid nodules is around 5-10%.
HOW IS DIAGNOSED?
Diagnosis is most easily made by thyroid ultrasonography. Blood thyroid hormone levels are also important. As the diagnosis of thyroid nodules increased with ultrasonography, thyroid nodules began to be seen relatively frequently in the society.
Every detected nodule never means surgery. Especially the number and size of nodules are very important. It is very important that the nodules are cystic or solid in structure, that the nodule grows rapidly during follow-up, and that it is bleed on ultrasonography. 1cm. and a needle biopsy called iiab is performed on the nodules above it. This is not a surgical method. It is an absolutely imperceptible method performed under thyroid ultrasonography, with a thin needle that is longer and thinner than the syringe we know. The pathology of the biopsy taken with this method is important. If the result is benign, that is, clear, even 2.5 or even 3 cm nodules can be observed without surgery.
If the result is suspicious, surgery is considered. In other words, nodules up to 3 cm are now monitored. The important criterion in follow-up is that the fine needle biopsy, called FNAB, comes back clean.
DOES EVERY THYROID NODULE TURN INTO CANCER?
No, it is important whether the thyroid nodules are hot or cold. If the thyroid nodule is cold and a single nodule, the risk of it turning into cancer is between 5 and 10 percent. Again, if the number of nodules is high and they are cold nodules, the risk of turning into cancer is about 5%. The risk of cancer for hot nodules is minimal, around 1-2 percent.
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