It is possible to examine diabetes in two groups. In type 1 diabetes, there is a problem in the production of the insulin hormone, which people are usually born with and sometimes symptoms may appear later. Most patients with type 1 diabetes began receiving external insulin injections at an early age. These patients are generally not obese, but rather thin. In type 2 diabetes, although there is no problem in the production of the insulin hormone, the main reason is the resistance to the insulin hormone formed by the fat tissue in the body, mostly caused by obesity. In this context, the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes are obese.
The concept of metabolic surgery generally aims to treat patients with Type 2 diabetes through surgery. In addition, many diseases that patients bring with them, such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, can also be eliminated. These surgeries are performed as bypass surgeries, similar to obesity surgeries. In these patients, the aim is to reduce fat tissue in the body and break insulin resistance by losing weight. In summary, the surgery involves removing part of the stomach and reconnecting the last part of the small intestine closer to the stomach. During the surgery, the patients' small intestine lengths are counted and new connections are made from appropriate distances.
Patient selection is very important in metabolic surgery applications. It is not the right approach to perform these surgeries on every diabetic patient. Detailed laboratory examinations should be performed in patients planned for surgery. The values used in the production of the insulin hormone in the body, that is, the precursors of the insulin hormone, must be at sufficient levels. Like all bariatric surgeries, these surgeries require permanent lifestyle changes. The permanence of the results generally depends on this. In this context, it is very important for patients to increase their postoperative education and knowledge about diet and exercise.
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