During pregnancy, expectant mothers are at risk of many ailments. Diabetes is one of them. While diabetes can occur during pregnancy, the expectant mother may also have diabetes before pregnancy. In both cases, the expectant mother must be treated.
How Many Types of Diabetes Are There During Pregnancy?
Three types of diabetes can be seen during pregnancy;
1. Type I Diabetes: Insulin-dependent,
2. Type II Diabetes: Non-insulin-dependent,
3. Gestational Diabetes. While Type I Diabetes and Type II DM are types that exist before pregnancy, Gestational DM is the type that develops during pregnancy.
How Does Diabetes During Pregnancy Affect the Body?
- Glucose (sugar) ) metabolism varies considerably during pregnancy. Fasting glucose levels are low, but are higher following a meal or glucose load, compared to non-pregnancy values.
- Glucose tolerance decreases progressively as pregnancy progresses.
- Normal women produce twice as much insulin during pregnancy.
- Glysuria (sugar in the urine) can be detected in urine samples in many women, as the renal threshold for glucose decreases during pregnancy.
Congenital anomalies are not observed in the children of gestational diabetics. Its important effects are as follows;
- Increase in the rate of preterm birth,
- Growth baby development according to the gestational week,
- Excessive development of the fluid in which the baby lives,
How is Gestational Diabetes Treated?
First of all, daily calories are calculated according to the gestational week and the weight of the pregnant woman. This total calorie is divided into 3 parts as carbohydrate, protein and fat in certain proportions. Dietary regulation is made with the percentages that should be taken in main and snack meals. This planning should be done by an obstetrician and an experienced dietitian. . Regular daily exercises are recommended. In cases that cannot be controlled by diet and exercise, insulin therapy is started immediately.
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