The most diagnosed cancers in the world are lung (13.0%), breast (11.9%) and colon (9.7%), while the most common cancer deaths are lung (19.4%) and liver ( 9.1%) and stomach (8.8%).
The International Cancer Agency particularly drew attention to the increase in breast cancer. He stated that the incidence of breast cancer in women increased by 20% compared to previous estimates, and deaths from breast cancer increased by 14%. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and causes the most deaths. One in every 4 women with cancer in the world is breast cancer. Dr. Wild, President of the International Cancer Agency, stated that breast cancer is caused by changes in living conditions. The incidence of breast cancer is higher in developed countries than in developing countries, and death from breast cancer is lower in developed countries than in developing countries. Dr. Wild stated that this situation is due to the difficulty in accessing breast cancer diagnosis, screening and treatment services for women living in underdeveloped countries. Therefore, he emphasized the need to increase efforts towards early diagnosis, screening and treatment of breast cancer, especially in underdeveloped countries.
Cancer is one of the important health problems that threaten health in the world and in our country, and is among the diseases that cause death in the world. It ranks second after cardiovascular diseases in many countries and Turkey. In 2012, the average number of new cancer patients in the USA was determined to be 1,683,910 people. When the situation in Turkey is examined, T.R. According to the data of the Ministry of Health, 396 thousand cancer cases were found between 2000 and 2006. Every year, an average of 140 thousand people die from cancer, and 150 thousand people are newly diagnosed with cancer. It is estimated that this rate will increase to 500 thousand in the next 20 years. It is estimated that the expected cancer patient population will reach 18 million in 2022 and 22 million in 2030.
40% of cancer patients develop nutritional deficiency during diagnosis and treatment.
More than 20% of cancer patients die from nutritional complications rather than primary diseases (Çehreli, 2004)(Oncology textbook, 2008, Cancer Pract 1994;2:123-31). In a study conducted by Vigano et al. (2007) stated in their study that cancer patients lost more than 8.1 kg of weight in 6 weeks.
It is known that cancer and cancer treatments cause negative effects on all processes of consumption, digestion, absorption and metabolism of nutrients. (Baron and Pencharz). , 2007)
Intraoral lesions, especially in patients with head and neck cancer, affect oral food intake.
Oncology patients should be evaluated nutritionally at the time of diagnosis, nutritional support should be started and monitored at regular intervals if deemed necessary.
When the nutritional status is evaluated, it is necessary to enrich the oral food intake in terms of protein and energy in patients with mild-moderate malnutrition and who can take oral food even if it is small.
Oral nutrition affects the patient's physiological, psychological and social aspects. It makes one feel good.
Ready-to-use oral nutrition solutions may be recommended for patients who can take less than 60% of the nutrients they need to take orally.
Eating disorder; It develops depending on the tumor, treatment, side effects of treatment, and metabolic status.
The purpose of nutritional support is;
To maintain the patient's weight
To prevent deterioration of the general condition
To prevent the development of malnutrition.
Symptoms in cancer patients; Anorexia, nausea-vomiting, diarrhea, dysphagia, mucositis, constipation, pain, decreased taste, change in taste, inadequate fluid intake, malnutrition, muscle and weight loss. .
When evaluating the nutritional status of cancer patients; Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, psychological state of the person, cultural factors, socioeconomic level, accompanying diseases (e.g. diabetes), medications used (e.g. antibiotics, antidepressants, analgesics), alcohol consumption should be taken into consideration.
Taking anamnesis. , the patient's eating style and habits, complaints such as early satiety, inappropriate use of various vitamins and herbs, physical examination, anthropometric measurements and laboratory findings should be taken into consideration.
Nutrition. Anthropometric measurements that should be taken during evaluation:
Height
Weight
Body according to age weight
Height-for-age
Weight-for-height
Mid-arm circumference
Subcutaneous thickness
Body mass index (BMI)
It has been determined that some nutrients stimulate the immune response in the patient. Adding these substances to the diet can strengthen the response to infection.
Arginine increases the bactericidal activity of macrophages and vasodilation. It stimulates T-cell proliferation and regulates protein synthesis by modulating nitrogen balance.
Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to induce immune response.
Glutamineprevents protein loss from the intestines, bacterial migration, and increases phagocytosis.
WHY IS NUTRITION IMPORTANT IN CANCER PATIENTS?
Protection against infections,
Wound healing,
Prevents muscle and organ deterioration,
Prevents depletion of vitamins and minerals in the body,
Cancer treatment. It provides resistance to cancer,
Prevents malnutrition,
Reduces mental dysfunctions.
During cancer treatment. Nutrition recommendations;
Adequate and balanced nutrition should be taken.
Ideal body weight should be maintained.
Fat and sugar consumption should be reduced.
> Fatty meats and offal should be avoided as much as possible.
Frying should not be preferred as a cooking method for food, instead oven, steaming, boiling cooking methods should be preferred.
Excessive salt consumption, pickles, pickles. You should stay away from overly salty foods such as.
Fruits and vegetables, which are cancer-preventing substances, should be consumed up to 5 portions a day.
Foods that come into direct contact with fire, cooked at very high temperatures and smoked should not be consumed.
>At least 2 portions of legumes should be consumed per week.
Care should be taken to consume fiber foods (whole wheat bread, whole wheat bread, bulgur, cracked wheat) that are rich in selenium and vitamin E and are protective against cancer.
POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED WHEN PREPARING FOOD:
Hands should be washed,
Hands should not touch hair, mouth and nose,
Wear in hand These should be removed,
A bonnet and mask should be worn while preparing food,
Steel, porcelain and glass products should be preferred for cooking and serving,
Meals should be cooked in a pressure cooker or by baking. should be cooked,
Foods should be cooked at 70 C for at least two minutes
Fruits and vegetables with firm, thick skins, washed with plenty of water, should be preferred
Foods 1 scoop vinegar or lemon juice should be kept in 9 parts of water for half an hour,
Frying oil should be used only once and fried foods should not be consumed,
Fruits and vegetables such as greens and strawberries that are consumed without peeling should not be consumed,
Fruit juice and milk should be sterile (pasteurized) in the UHT system,
Foods cooked on wood and coal fire should not be consumed,
To avoid tiring the stomach, you should eat small and frequent meals,
Fresh meals that are well cooked and not kept waiting should be consumed,
Hard and well-cooked eggs and egg foods should be consumed,
Foods such as cream and mayonnaise containing uncooked and undercooked eggs should be consumed. should be avoided,
You should read food labels, expired/old/mouldy foods should not be consumed,
Foods and beverages sold in restaurants and open places should be avoided,
Spicy and bitter foods should be avoided,
Salted products (such as pickles, cheese, pickled leaves) should not be consumed,
Disposable cups/bottles should be consumed,
Cola and similar acidic foods should not be consumed,
Alcohol and caffeine-containing drinks should not be consumed,
Nuts in shell should not be consumed,
Foods should not be consumed too hot or too cold,
Seafood such as raw meat and fish should not be consumed,
Fresh cheese/mouldy cheese should not be consumed,
Canned foods should be avoided,
You should rest after meals and not go to bed immediately,
Grapefruit should not be consumed in Cyclosporine/Tacrolimus treatment,
Frozen foods should be thawed in the refrigerator,
EARLY DIAGNOSIS saves life.
Because your health is more valuable than anything..
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