Diagnosing Immunological Infertility
A number of factors can affect a woman's ability to have a healthy pregnancy. Prediction of immunological abnormalities such as autoimmune disease, abnormal development of inflammatory cytokines in the mother's blood, elevation of activated immune cells, immune response to proteins in sperm, or the inability of a mother to produce protective cells when she becomes pregnant Celiac disease, Crohn's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Conditions such as endometriosis and Lupus are some of the health problems that can lead to embryo rejection. Stress and nutritional factors may play a role in the mother's immune tolerance to pregnancy.
However, doctors may treat the patient to induce tolerance to embryo proteins. The most accurate method for diagnosing a couple's immune system problem; It is carried out based on the full blood study panel and breeding history. In addition to the data obtained, an endometrial biopsy is also performed.
How can Immune System-Related Miscarriage be prevented?
First of all, you must make sure that there is no genetic reason for the miscarriage. After embryo transfer or miscarriage, if the formation of a genetically healthy embryo determined prior to tissue analysis does not lead to a healthy pregnancy, immune testing should be considered to determine whether there is an underlying immune cause for the woman's miscarriage. By determining the possible source of the problem, treatments to correct it can be given. The aim is to help with the immunity problem that needs to be created because genetic problems cannot be the only reason for miscarriage. As a result of this thinking, the focus is on the immune system as one of the most likely causes of miscarriage. In pregnant women with low immune systems; The system will attack the embryo as if it were a foreign substance. And the embryo can be badly affected by this situation.
Patients who have experienced miscarriage as a result of intolerance in the immune system are recommended a diet modification and steroid protocol, often combined with some medications, to help reduce the body's defense response against the embryo.
A genetically normal fetus that has not become pregnant with high-quality embryos has a miscarriage. If patients who experience miscarriage after a heartbeat is detected have a family history of auto-immune diseases, they should inform their doctor about these conditions.
Effect of the Immune System on the Embryo
To allow the developing embryo to be implanted, some cells actively invade the lining of the uterus. This leads to an inflammatory process similar to events that occur during wound healing. If inflammation is prevented; implantation cannot proceed, highlighting the importance of inflammatory molecules and cells in this process.
This pro-inflammatory environment prevails during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. During the following 15 weeks, the developing fetus is in a state of rapid growth and development. Anti-inflammatory cells and molecules predominate.
Some fetal cells express paternally derived cell surface markers or antigens. Under normal conditions, the mother's immune system perceives them as foreign and attacks the cells.
Regulatory T cells (Treg), a specialized form of white blood cell that promotes an anti-inflammatory environment, actively protect such fetal cells.
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