A symptom is a sign of a disease. Syndrome is a set of symptoms. Psychosis is a syndrome.
SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHosis:
1-Delusion (Delusion/Delusion): These are beliefs that cannot be considered normal in relation to the person's culture, religion and education, although they are refuted by evidence and logic. For example: someone you know well may one day declare himself Mahdi or Ataturk, or claim that the lyrics of the song of the singer on television were written for him. No person or power can stop him from this thought.
2-Hallucination: It is the perception of sound, image, taste, smell and touch sensations that do not actually exist. If the person is talking to himself, you are watching him have a conversation or fight with someone in his own world. You can't tell him that he doesn't actually have someone with him. For example: A person may say that a spell was cast on him and lard was put in his food and he tasted it. Again, telling him that the food tastes normal doesn't mean anything. However, you can make him angry.
3-Disorganized speech: When you start speaking, your speech has a topic and frame. You also feel this frame in schizophrenia. But he cannot clearly express what he thinks to you with proper sentences and clear content. 4-Disorganized behavior: For example, he may insistently ask for the jacket you are wearing or try to take something that belongs to you without asking. He may try to unscrew the light bulb in the room. A thought disorder usually underlies this strange behavior. He/she may have a thought disorder that thinks there is a camera inside the light bulb.
TYPES OF PSYCHosis
Drug-induced Psychotic Disorder,
Brief Psychotic Disorder,
Schizophreniform Disorder,
Schizoaffective Disorder,
/> Schizophrenic Disorder,
Delusional (Paranoid) Disorder,
Shared Paranoid Disorder,
Psychosis due to general medical conditions,
Diseases that present psychosis as an additional feature (mania, depression, Alzheimer's ).
SCHIZOPHRENIA
WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA?
It is a mental disorder that usually begins at a young age, in which the person withdraws from relationships and realities and becomes withdrawn, and serious deteriorations in thoughts, behaviors and perception are observed. Although there is no specific starting point, obsessions, It may begin with symptoms such as anxiety, interest in metaphysical issues, weakness, fatigue, emotional depression or hyperactivity, decreased interest, distraction, and excessive concern with one's own body and thoughts.
It often begins between the ages of 15-25.
Diabetes. It goes through periods of exacerbation and remission, as in chronic diseases such as heart failure and COPD.
Deterioration in thought and perception, movement and affect, and interpersonal relationships; It causes decline in occupational and social functionality.
Schizophrenia is more than psychosis. If psychosis is a fire, schizophrenia includes the ashes, embers, and everything else left after the fire.
The suicide rate in schizophrenia patients is between 25 - 50%.
10% are successful in their suicide attempt.
The mortality rate is 8 times higher than the general population.
Schizophrenia patients live 20-30 years shorter than the normal population.
The incidence and lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is 1%.
60 people in the world -70 million, there are 600-700,000 patients with schizophrenia in Turkey.
The incidence is the same between men and women, the age of onset of the disease is 2-3 years later in women and the course of the disease is better in women.
The causes of death in patients with schizophrenia are usually cardiovascular diseases, smoking, unhealthy diet, obesity, inactivity and diabetes. Because they cannot take care of themselves due to lack of self-care, which is the most important symptom of the disease. Everyone who looks at the person knows a person with untreated and chronic (old, lasting for more than 6 months) schizophrenia. You can see that his hair and beard are tangled, his clothes are dirty, his nails are long and dirty, and he has a very bad smell. Don't be fooled by this description, if the disease is recognized and treated early and the social support network is strong, you can see a bright young man. A small question mark may appear in your mind: “There is something different, but what?” You may find yourself thinking.
DEFINITION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA:
A) Positive and/or negative symptoms are observed.
Positive Symptoms: There are delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior. They're dramatic (everyone notices), they're out of touch with reality r, they respond well to antipsychotic drugs.
If 2 of the following 4 symptoms are seen within a month:
1-Delirium
2-Hallucination
3-Disorganized speech (speech disorders)
4-Disorganized or catatonic behavior (such as making repetitive movements or freezing) Negative symptoms: Alogy (loss of fluency and creativity in thought and speech), asociality (withdrawal), anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure), avolution (loss in areas such as motivation, hygiene, work) is observed (the mentioned asociality should not be confused with anti-sociality and rule-breaking).
B) Disorder in social and professional functions is observed. There is a decrease in performance in self-care, family life, work life, and interpersonal relationships.
C) There are symptoms of apathy, dullness, monotonous voice tone, decrease in attention, distortions in thought content, decrease in affect, or inappropriateness. Behaviors such as difficulty in answering questions or not being able to give appropriate answers, speaking in rhyming words, repeating words, and creating new words may be observed due to distracted attention.
D) In order to be diagnosed, the symptoms must continue for more than 6 months.
TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA:
Paranoid type: It is mostly related to suspicion, grandiosity, and religion. Although it is the type that is most quickly detected, most frightening and loudest, it is the one that responds best to treatment.
Disorganized type: It is the type that starts insidiously and has the least improvement, has a low response rate to medications and appears the most bizarre.
Catatonic type: Behavioral disorders are evident. It manifests itself with strange body posture, posture, gestures and facial expressions.
Undifferentiated type: It is a type of schizophrenia that we cannot classify as any type.
Residual type: Negative symptoms are dominant. A decrease in entrepreneurship, concretion and impoverishment of thought, deterioration in self-care, and apathy are observed.
Simple schizophrenia: It starts insidiously and slowly, smolders without ever flaring up and takes away the person's personality traits, abilities, capacity and motivational features. Negative symptoms are observed. This type of schizophrenia; It is confused with adolescence problems, apathy, laziness and lack of responsibility.
General Characteristics of Schizophrenia
Usually It starts under the age of 25.
It is common between the ages of 15-40.
The age of peak onset in men is under 25.
The age of peak onset in women is between 25-35.
Between 3-10%. It starts after the age of 40.
90% of the patients under treatment are between the ages of 15-55.
It is rare for it to start under the age of 10 and over the age of 60.
Schizophrenia disease has a more benign course in women.
/> Birth rate increases in schizophrenic families.
Patients with schizophrenia have a higher risk of accidents, illnesses and suicide.
There is no laboratory test to diagnose schizophrenia.
The incidence of schizophrenia is equal in men and women.
/> More than 50% of male schizophrenia patients and 1/3 of female schizophrenia patients are admitted to hospital before the age of 25.
The smoking rate in schizophrenia patients is ¾.
Schizophrenia is seen in all socioeconomic classes and cultures. The probability is equal.
The economic cost of the disease is very high.
ETIOLOGY
The cause is not fully known. It has been determined that the incidence is higher in children born in late winter and early spring. In family, twin and adoption studies, genetic factors have been shown to be more effective than environmental factors.
Hallucinogen use in LSD, Concerta, Ritalin (methylphenidate), pregnancy, post-accident events, losses, marriages, stress-trauma and extremely happy events. These are the reasons that increase the occurrence of the disease.
Biochemical studies; dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, glutamate, stress-predisposition model: Biological, psychological, environmental stress, trauma, substance (marijuana, cocaine, etc.). It has been determined that the rate of schizophrenia is high in those born during famine periods. In addition, it has been found that high paternal age increases the likelihood of schizophrenia in the child.
Schizophrenia is thought to be found on chromosomes 5, 6, 8, 11, 18, 19, 22 and X.
GENETIC TWIN STUDIES
47-50% in the identical twin of a schizophrenic patient, 40% in the child of two parents with schizophrenia, 12% in the child of a single schizophrenic parent, 12% in the fraternal twin of a schizophrenic patient, 40% in the normal sibling of a schizophrenic patient. It has been determined that schizophrenia is observed at a rate of 8%.
FACTORS DETERMINING SUICIDE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
The risk of occurrence is high in men, those with higher education, young people, those with missed depression (depressive period after psychosis) and white races.
Feeling of emptiness, Unemployment, escaping from mental torture, social isolation, high expectations of both the person and his family from himself, addiction to treatment, disability, awareness of the disease, drug addiction, rejection, hopelessness are the factors that cause suicide immediately after discharge from the hospital / in the initial period of the disease.< br />
PREDICTIVE SYMPTOMS OF MURDER IN SCHIZOPHRENIA:
Having violent delusions and/or hallucinations
Dangerous behavior in the hospital,
Previous history of violence in the patient,
Previously unpredictable aggression.
Don't let all this intimidate anyone. It is necessary to protect the average schizophrenic patient from society. General judgment in society; The belief is that patients with schizophrenia are dangerous. That's why our patients experience losses such as jobs and spouses and become introverted. They do not have a higher potential for aggression than the average individual. On the contrary, it is necessary to protect them from physical and psychological violence.
Positive Progression Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Sudden, colorful, onset at a late age,
Occurrence due to triggering of stress,
Catatonic-schizoaffective type,
br /> Having a regular family structure/life,
Having low emotional expression (calm, patient, communicating well, accepting the disease and the patient, being content),
Being treated early,
Developing Living in countries with severe diseases (schizophrenia progresses benignly in villages and districts; it progresses worse in competitive, crowded, expensive and chaotic metropolises). Having schizoid and schizotypal personality disorder before its emergence,
Having been hospitalized many times and for long periods,
Having a hereditary predisposition,
Predominance of negative symptoms,
Disrupted family environment, emotional The patient's situation is extroverted,
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