In the evaluation of reproduction, men are generally included less than women. Examining sperm with semen analysis is usually the first step. If this test reveals any abnormalities, you should see your doctor for a more detailed evaluation and other further tests. During the first examination, your doctor obtains information about your medical history and checks if there are any physical problems that may cause infertility.
Past medical history
Your doctor will examine you about mumps, high fever. It questions whether you have diabetes or sexually transmitted diseases, and your previous injuries and surgeries. All of these can affect fertility. It also questions exposure to chemical substances, stress, drug and alcohol use, medication intake, exercise habits, timing and frequency of sexual intercourse, and your family's reproductive history.
Physical examination
Your doctor It checks whether there are any problems with your reproductive organs.
Your testicles
They are checked to see if they are where they should be, approximately in your ovaries. Before or during birth, the testicles migrate from the groin or lower abdomen into the scrotum (ovarian sac). Healthy sperm production cannot occur in testicles that are not displaced downwards because the body temperature is higher.
Scrotum
It is checked for dilated blood vessels (varicocele). This causes blood to pool, causing an increase in temperature in the testicles. This causes the number and quality of sperm to decrease.
Prostate
It is examined for an abnormal consistency. Prostate fluids are checked for any infection or inflammation.
In addition, it examines the fat distribution and hair growth in your body, which are indicators of hormone production. Blood tests are performed to measure hormone levels that affect reproduction.
Semen analysis (spermogram)
To evaluate the number and quality of your sperm, the sperm sample obtained through ejaculation is examined under a microscope. This tells us whether there is a condition that prevents sperm from being carried to the fallopian tubes or whether the protective layer of the egg is damaged. It gives information about whether there is any problem while passing. However, sperm count may vary on different days and more than one sample may be required. To guarantee the sample:
Avoid sexual intercourse for two or three days before giving the sample
Use the storage container provided by the laboratory. Put all your semen in.
If you collected the sample at home, bring the sample to the laboratory within half an hour, keep the sample at body temperature (hold the sample container under your arm or between your legs).
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