What is myopia? Myopia Symptoms and Treatment

Myopia, or nearsightedness, is the disorder of seeing near objects more easily but having difficulty seeing distant objects. Depending on the degree of the eye, myopia, which causes blurry vision of distant objects, may be congenital or may occur later. Applications such as glasses, contact lenses, laser therapy, orthokeratology and low-dose atropine help reduce and completely eliminate the effects of myopia in daily life. Even if it is not easily understood in young children, myopia can be understood more easily in later ages. Many symptoms can be seen, such as the need to constantly squint, and difficulty focusing on distant objects. It is very important to have regular eye examinations in order to diagnose the presence of myopia early and to prevent it if possible.

What is Myopia?

Myopia is the problem of not being able to refract a light in the eye as needed. This problem causes the eye to have difficulty focusing on objects at a distance. Normally, in order for you to see clearly and perfectly, your eye must be able to pass light rays through both the cornea and the lens without any problems. The cornea and lens refract light, allowing the image to go to the retina. From here, images reach your brain and vision takes place. The refractive problem in myopia prevents excessive refraction from moving the light correctly. Therefore, the image becomes blurry and it is difficult to see distant objects. “How do myopian see?” This question can also be answered in this way. Myopia, which affects a substantial part of the society, can be passed on to children through hereditary means or may develop later. Congenital myopia can be more easily understood when children reach school age. For pre-diagnosis, it is necessary to go to regular examinations. Myopia, which occurs both later and inherited, negatively affects many aspects of daily life. For example, it is common to experience difficulties due to myopia when driving, reading, at school, walking on the street, or trying to read any sign. Myopia sometimes occurs together with astigmatism. This causes myopic astigmatism eye defect. “What is myopic astigmatism?” The question can be explained as having trouble seeing both far and near. Astigmatism is not a separate eye defect. It is the name given to the difference in the refraction of the two halves of the eye, in this case the light is scattered more than normal and creates problems in both distance and near vision. The simultaneous presence of both is defined as myopic astigmatism.

What are the Symptoms of Myopia?

Myopic symptoms can manifest themselves when considering visual features and some symptoms around the eyes. For example, the individual must focus carefully on the distance and realize that he cannot see a certain distance. He may also need to be mindful that he has trouble seeing distant objects. Some of the main symptoms of myopia are:

Eyestrain and pain

Headache

Squinting to see farther

Looking at signs on the road, writing on the board and having difficulty seeing content on television

Having difficulty seeing when driving when it gets dark

The need to constantly rub the eyes

It is important to consult an ophthalmologist and have an eye examination as soon as possible when these symptoms appear . Since it is difficult to detect eye diseases in children before they grow up, it is necessary for parents to monitor the symptoms they experience and to have periodic examinations. For example, if the child constantly squints, prefers to sit closer to the TV, does not notice when you point to distant objects, constantly blinks and rubs his eyes, there may be a risk of nearsightedness. In such a case, it is important to go to the ophthalmologist and determine the degree of myopia, if any. Your doctor applies the most appropriate treatment method according to your degree of farsightedness and other eye disorders, if any. . Myopia can occur due to genetic structures, hereditary myopia in parents, or routines in daily life. Having a genetically curved cornea or having a longer eye than normal can cause myopia. Myopia, which is an eye focusing disorder, can also be passed on from parent to child. If either or both parents are nearsighted, it can increase the risk of a child being born shortsighted. Hereditary myopia, if regular eye examinations are not done It can be noticed at an average age of 8 years. Rapid developments in youth and adolescence can lead to faster progression of myopia. In addition to genetic and hereditary features, myopia may increase faster than its normal course due to daily routines. In order to prevent this, it is important to rest the eyes at regular intervals. Myopia is more common in children aged 8-12 years. The most important reason for this is the change in eye structure in this age range. In addition to all these, myopia can also occur due to diseases such as diabetes and blood pressure in the body. Triggering these diseases can cause myopia, causing the lens of the eye to have difficulties in refracting light. What is different is the severity of myopia and the age range at which it occurs. The degree of myopia determines the severity of myopia. Severe myopia results in maximum blurring of distant objects. Less severe myopia is when you can notice objects but still see them blurry. The variety that is important in terms of age range is myopia in children. Myopia in children can occur genetically or developmentally. In general, the types of myopia are as follows: 

Myopia in Children: Myopia in children is seen in various forms depending on hereditary origin or development. Hereditary myopia is likely to be inherited from the mother or father, or both. Myopia, which is related to development, occurs with rapid changes starting from the age of 8. Rapid growth of the body can lead to an increase in the severity of myopia.

High Myopia: Severe myopia or high myopia is to have a very high degree in the result of myopic test. Severe myopia can also trigger retinal rupture in the following years. At the same time, the incidence of glaucoma and cataracts is higher in people with high myopia. It is used for number 8-9 and above myopia and it is called degenerative myopia. continues. Since this shot thins the retinal tissue, it leads to decreased vision and retinal tear and detachment

Low Myopia: Low myopia or mild myopia is to have a normal degree of myopia. People with low myopia can notice distant objects better than those with severe myopia, but still have blurred and strained vision. Blurring, pain and fatigue, which are among the symptoms of myopia, may be less disturbing in people with low myopia.

Pseudo myopia occurs as a result of eye fatigue from reading, using a computer and various reasons. Overwork causes temporary problems in the eye's refraction of light.
Myopia begins to progress more steadily from the age of 20. That is, the eye degree is fixed at a certain number and may not progress as quickly as in adolescence. Taking the necessary precautions in the process up to this age can facilitate the treatment of myopia.

How to Diagnose Myopia?

The diagnosis of myopia is made by a specialist ophthalmologist with the help of various tests. The ophthalmologist can identify all eye conditions through extensive eye exams and tests. In the first stage, a standard vision test is usually applied. This test is to read letters of different sizes in a chart. A general diagnosis can be made according to which sequential letters you can read and which ones you cannot read. The ophthalmologist also makes use of some devices during diagnosis and diagnosis. The retinoscope, which detects near or farsightedness, and the phoropter, which measures the amount of refractive error, are some of the devices that ophthalmologists use. Your ophthalmologist prepares the necessary prescription according to the standard vision test and the data obtained from the devices and informs you. The effects of myopia can be reduced with treatment methods and auxiliary equipment.

What are the Treatment Methods for Myopia?

Individuals with myopic eye defect can be asked "Can myopia be prevented?" and “Does myopia go away or progress?” He often asks questions like: Myopia is an eye defect that can be treated. Myopic eye, which reduces the quality of life, can be treated with the help of laser therapy and myopic surgery. Deciding on the most appropriate treatment method together with your eye doctor You can give. One of the most common methods is the use of glasses or contact lenses. The use of these devices does not completely solve the discomfort, but can reduce the negative effects in daily life. The most important feature of using glasses and contact lenses is that you have to replace the devices with new ones as the eye number progresses. Myopia surgery is the process of shaping the eye structure with laser. Laser therapy, which adjusts the passage of light, helps you to continue your normal life without using any tools. Orthokeratology, which provides long-term effect and reduces myopia with hard contact lenses, is another method of myopia treatment. The use of low-dose atropine helps to prevent the progression of myopia in young individuals.

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